<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473</id><updated>2011-12-28T20:34:10.198+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Compensation &amp; Benefit</title><subtitle type='html'>Education Center for Compensation &amp;amp; Benefit</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>21</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-7454039203484179723</id><published>2011-02-28T23:09:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-28T23:20:46.767+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Uang Pisah yang Optimum (Sebuah Kajian Analisa Matematis)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-19czVt4roZI/TWvJtAJaktI/AAAAAAAAAqs/dCge1bjFu5U/s1600/resign-719811.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578774338399277778" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-19czVt4roZI/TWvJtAJaktI/AAAAAAAAAqs/dCge1bjFu5U/s320/resign-719811.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Uang Pisah merupakan sebuah bentuk penghargaan  atas perubahan status kepegawaian dengan klausul mengundurkan diri. Karena  sifatnya inilah yang menjadikan wujud &amp;amp; jumlahnya ditentukan oleh pengusaha.  Pada umumnya mengundurkan diri itu disebabkan oleh :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;1. Mendapatkan pekerjaan  yang lebih layak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;2. Bosan menjadi karyawan dan ingin menjadi  entrepreneur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;3. Ikut suami atau ikut istri bekerja di lokasi yang berbeda  kota atau pulau bahkan negara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;4. Tidak tahan dengan atasan atau rekan kerja  sehingga mengundurkan diri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;5. Lingkungan kerja yang keras dan berbahaya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;6.  Diperintahkan oleh atasan atau pengusaha yang memang secara sepihak tidak  menyukai kita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;7. dan beberapa contoh lainnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Karyawan yang  mengundurkan diri akan mendapatkan uang penggantian hak &amp;amp; uang pisah (Pasal  162 ayat 1 &amp;amp; 2 UU.13/2003). Pada umumnya uang penggantian hak dengan mudah  dapat dihitung, namun tidak begitu halnya dengan uang pisah. Uang pisah harus  ditentukan jumlah nominalnya. Namun sayangnya tidak ada metode yang paling baik  untuk menentukan uang pisah ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-c9LhAzVH8qY/TWvJs6aX7kI/AAAAAAAAAqg/EIIse-vn9dA/s1600/Tabel%2BPHK-Resign-718827.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578774336859795010" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-c9LhAzVH8qY/TWvJs6aX7kI/AAAAAAAAAqg/EIIse-vn9dA/s320/Tabel%2BPHK-Resign-718827.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Kebanyakan pengusaha menyederhanakan uang pisah  tersebut dengan menyamakannya seperti uang pesangon atau uang penghargaan masa  kerja. Namun ada baiknya kita melakukan estimasi gap antara resign dengan PHK.  Tujuannya adalah untuk membuat Uang Pisah Yang Optimum sehingga karyawan akan  dengan senang hati mengundurkan diri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Kita dapat melakukan plotting  antara PHK dengan perhitungan 2x Pesangon + 1x Masa Kerja + Penggantian Hak  (asumsikan yang dihitung hanya 15%(Pesangon+Masa Kerja)) dengan kompensasi jika  karyawan mengundurkan diri (Penggantian Hak + Uang Pisah). Karena kita sedang  menganalisa dan mencari uang pisah tersebut, maka GAP Analitis untuk Uang Pisah  adalah selisih antara kompensasi PHK dengan kompensasi mengundurkan diri (tanpa  uang pisah)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i0CPEVJxPJg/TWvJsrheGXI/AAAAAAAAAqQ/t2enxM0Ah2g/s1600/Grafik%2BGap%2BPHK-Resign-717878.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578774332863027570" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i0CPEVJxPJg/TWvJsrheGXI/AAAAAAAAAqQ/t2enxM0Ah2g/s320/Grafik%2BGap%2BPHK-Resign-717878.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Namun hasil ini tidaklah menjamin untuk  mendapatkan Uang Pisah yang memang benar-benar optimum karena adanya beberapa  faktor yang tidak mungkin dapat memfasilitasi kepentingan pengusaha dan pekerja.  Namun dari analisa yang kita lakukan mungkin akan dapat meminimisasi perihal  tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Semoga mencerahkan &amp;amp; selamat berkarya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Widhi Setyo  Kusumo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Praktisi SDM &amp;amp; Manajemen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Contact :  widhi.sk@gmx.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-7454039203484179723?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/7454039203484179723/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=7454039203484179723' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/7454039203484179723'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/7454039203484179723'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2011/02/uang-pisah-yang-optimum-sebuah-kajian.html' title='Uang Pisah yang Optimum (Sebuah Kajian Analisa Matematis)'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-19czVt4roZI/TWvJtAJaktI/AAAAAAAAAqs/dCge1bjFu5U/s72-c/resign-719811.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-6935108066175192806</id><published>2011-02-20T03:46:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-20T03:54:47.253+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Upah Sundulan</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b5ANullIMEo/TWAsvGoXIuI/AAAAAAAAAog/rTDQRkSQMpQ/s1600/upah-sundulan-1-739989.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575505526430048994" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b5ANullIMEo/TWAsvGoXIuI/AAAAAAAAAog/rTDQRkSQMpQ/s320/upah-sundulan-1-739989.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Setiap tahun Upah Minimum selalu bergerak dan  bertambah. Kondisi ini seringkali menyebabkan kepanikan bagi pengusaha dalam  menangani budget perusahaan. Karena tidak semua&amp;nbsp;bisnis mengalami  peningkatan, bahkan bisa terjadi bisnis menjadi semakin lesu sehingga  menyebabkan para pengusaha akan kalang-kabut apabila diminta untuk menaikkan  gaji karyawan. Meskipun demikian para pengusaha tidak punya pilihan lain kecuali  mematuhi&amp;nbsp;upah minimum yang berlaku tahun yang berjalan karena terikat  dengan undang-undang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Pada prakteknya seringkali terjadi kendala  pelaksanaan di lapangan karena&amp;nbsp;kenaikan upah minimum tidak  diimbangi&amp;nbsp;secara berimbang dengan&amp;nbsp;kenaikan gaji di perusahaan karena  kenaikan gaji&amp;nbsp;di perusahaan tentu saja mengikuti aturan internal dan  kemampuan keuangan perusahaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S25fGLVjoxY/TWAsvFfHCQI/AAAAAAAAAoo/lP1DNPxXdMc/s1600/Compensation%2Bin%2BIndonesia-740572.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575505526122809602" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S25fGLVjoxY/TWAsvFfHCQI/AAAAAAAAAoo/lP1DNPxXdMc/s320/Compensation%2Bin%2BIndonesia-740572.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Sebagai contoh untuk DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2010  mempunya UMR = Rp. 1.118.009,- dan di tahun 2011 mengalami kenaikan  menjadi&amp;nbsp;UMR = Rp. 1.290.000,-. Kenaikan UMR dari tahun 2010 ke 2011 ini  adalah +/- 15,4%. Apabila kenaikan gaji di perusahaan tidak mencapai 15,4% maka  akan terjadi penyimpangan-penyimpangan seperti :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Karyawan senior (masuk 2010) yang memiliki gaji  UMR 2010 pada tahun 2011 tidak akan mencapai UMR 2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Karyawan baru/junior (masuk 2011)&amp;nbsp;akan  memliki gaji UMR 2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Karyawan baru bisa jadi memiliki gaji yang sama  atau lebih besar dari&amp;nbsp;karyawan senior&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Timbulnya ketidakpuasan karyawan  senior&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Demotivasi karyawan dan yang paling fatal  adalah terjadinya mogok kerja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_DucX2U1rVU/TWAsvZhbxnI/AAAAAAAAApA/_Ni9p-x-ygk/s1600/tidak-puas-741014.JPG"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575505531501266546" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_DucX2U1rVU/TWAsvZhbxnI/AAAAAAAAApA/_Ni9p-x-ygk/s320/tidak-puas-741014.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Lalu apa yang akan dilakukan ? Tentu saja  pengusaha wajib melakukan estimasi dan simulasi sebelum menetapkan gaji bagi  seluruh karyawan dengan melakukan kaidah normatif yang berkeseimbangan di  struktur gaji yang paling bawah. Hal ini dikarenakan posisi yang mendapat  perhatian khusus adalah posisi yang berdekatan dengan UMR. Maka hal-hal yang  harus dilakukan adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wF54rxVFLnc/TWAsv3uhCBI/AAAAAAAAApI/lUwxQRQ1Blg/s1600/upah-sundulan-grading-743732.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575505539609200658" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wF54rxVFLnc/TWAsv3uhCBI/AAAAAAAAApI/lUwxQRQ1Blg/s320/upah-sundulan-grading-743732.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;1. Merumuskan &amp;amp; Menentukan Grading Awal.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Lakukan penentuan struktur gaji pada grading  pertama pada tahun 2010 dan tahun 2011.&amp;nbsp;Tentukan maksimum &amp;amp;  minimumnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;Tentukan batas limit minimal untuk gaji  karyawan yang masuk tahun 2010 atau sebelumnya pada tahun 2011.&amp;nbsp;Angka ini  merupakan estimasi&amp;nbsp;tersendiri dan sifatnya sangat subjective  bagi&amp;nbsp;masing-masing perusahaan. Tentu saja beda perusahaan, beda pula  nilainya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;3. Rumuskan sebuah fungsi sederhana (gunakan  hukum perbandingan pada tahun 2011 dengan tahun 2010). Rumusan ini tentunya  hanya berinterval pada gaji minimum dan maksimum di grade awal tahun 2011.  Secara matematis dapat digeneralisasikan seperti gambar dibawah ini  :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qxZ6Un0MdTA/TWAswm2_CtI/AAAAAAAAApo/78AG2pGzylc/s1600/upah-sundulan-fungsi-746196.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575505552261188306" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qxZ6Un0MdTA/TWAswm2_CtI/AAAAAAAAApo/78AG2pGzylc/s320/upah-sundulan-fungsi-746196.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;4. Lakukan penetapan untuk seluruh karyawan pada  grading awal yang terkena dampak upah sundulan tersebut. Mudah bukan  ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Selamat berkarya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Widhi Setyo Kusumo&lt;br /&gt;Praktisi SDM &amp;amp;  Management&lt;br /&gt;Contact email : widhi.sk@gmail.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-6935108066175192806?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/6935108066175192806/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=6935108066175192806' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/6935108066175192806'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/6935108066175192806'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2011/02/upah-sundulan.html' title='Upah Sundulan'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b5ANullIMEo/TWAsvGoXIuI/AAAAAAAAAog/rTDQRkSQMpQ/s72-c/upah-sundulan-1-739989.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-5905594140358783055</id><published>2011-02-20T00:56:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-20T03:49:23.271+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pay Structures / Salary Structures</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Dalam sebuah organisasi/perusahaan, diperlukan  Struktur Gaji karena beberapa faktor :&lt;br /&gt;- Ethics, konsisten &amp;amp; adil, dimana  perlu ditetapkan kerangka yang bisa dibentuk secara logika&lt;br /&gt;- Pay for Position  &amp;amp; Pay for Person&lt;br /&gt;- Dasar untuk managemen yang efektif&lt;br /&gt;- Pengawasan,  membantu untuk memonitor dan mengontrol implementasinya&lt;br /&gt;- Komunikasi,  membantu karyawan untuk mengetahui kesempatan yang tersedia dan memungkinkan  untuk dicapai&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam menentukan struktur gaji, perusahaan akan  memperhatikan beberapa hal :&lt;br /&gt;Struktur gaji dibentuk dari tingkat pekerjaan,  kelompok kerja yang berbeda-beda dengan mengacu pada :&lt;br /&gt;- Nilai-nilai internal  yang dibentuk dari penilaian pekerjaan&lt;br /&gt;- Nilai-nilai eksternal melalui survey  harga pasar&lt;br /&gt;- Berlaku umum, normatif, dan perundingan untuk  pekerjaan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Struktur gaji memiliki beberapa ciri :&lt;br /&gt;- Tingkat upah yang  berbeda-beda untuk setiap pekerjaan&lt;br /&gt;- Tersedianya ruang lingkup Pay  Progression melalui Kinerja, Kompetensi, Kontribusi, Keahlian atau Jasa&lt;br /&gt;-  Adanya cakupan upah untuk sekumpulan pekerjaan dan dikelompokkan menjadi  tingkatan-tingkatan (grade), individual job atau job  families&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Grade Structure&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Merupakan sebuah  urut-urutan / deret yang berinterval dimana kedalamnya diintegrasikan sebuah  pekerjaan. Setiap tingkatan mempunyai interval yang sudah ditentukan dan pada  umumnya 20-50% diatas minimum.&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8sMUwdG8-nE/TWAEhX8QZUI/AAAAAAAAAoA/aWKVDT4ZQsc/s1600/grade-745220.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575461310093616450" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8sMUwdG8-nE/TWAEhX8QZUI/AAAAAAAAAoA/aWKVDT4ZQsc/s320/grade-745220.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Broadbanding&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Serupa  dengan Grade Structure, namun memiliki kisaran yang lebih luas dibaningkan  dengan yang konvensional. Range maksimum dari group ini dapat mencapai 100%  hingga lebih.&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vKZNezbBWOw/TWAEhlfc7EI/AAAAAAAAAoI/NqivNptClwA/s1600/broadbanding-746458.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575461313730899010" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vKZNezbBWOw/TWAEhlfc7EI/AAAAAAAAAoI/NqivNptClwA/s320/broadbanding-746458.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Job  Family Structure&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Didalam sebuah pekerjaan yang sifatnya sama  memiliki perbedaan struktur tingkatan. Pekerjaan-pekerjaan tersebut dialokasikan  ke dalam sebuah kumpulan pekerjaan yang berdasarkan aktivitas yang dilakukan,  keahlian dan kompetensi seperti pekerjaan IT yang merupakan contoh sempurna  untuk job family yang biasanya terdapat pemisahan struktur tingkatan. Banyak  sekali type-type struktur gaji dan penggajian seperti pay spines, benefit  structures, spot rates, fixed rate, time rate.&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pay  Range&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setiap tingkat/band pekerjaan memiliki upah yang memiliki  range &amp;amp; interval dengan minimum &amp;amp; maksimum. Biasanya mengikuti sandard  pasar. Rata-rata upah untuk sebuah pekerjaan di pasar industri dikonversikan  menjadi Titik Tengah (Mid Point) ata dijadikan range yang maksimum dan  bergantung pada Metode Progression Pay yang digunakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eiRjRncm4XE/TWAEhzYBosI/AAAAAAAAAoQ/4li0HkkLI7w/s1600/pay%2Brange-747215.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575461317457846978" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eiRjRncm4XE/TWAEhzYBosI/AAAAAAAAAoQ/4li0HkkLI7w/s320/pay%2Brange-747215.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Dapatlah dilihat  bahwa pada setiap posisi &amp;amp; sekumpulan gaji di dalam skala itu disebut dengan  prosentase. Umumnya hal ini disebut dengan Perbandingan Komparatif / "Compa  Ratio". konsep ini sudah digunakan secara luas di Manajemen Penggajian. Gaji  dinyatakan sebagai persentase dari Reference Point / Titik Acuan. Oleh karena  itu ketika akan menghitung sebuah posisi atau rata-rata untuk beberapa  pekerjaan, maka akan terlihat seberapa jauh kita membayar sebuah pekerjaan  terhadap karyawan / kandidat tersebut.&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pay Progression&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Biasanya  angka 100 % itu digunakan sebagai Titik Acuan atau harga pasar rata-rata dari  pekerjaan tersebut. Contohnya untuk kandidat yang memiliki kompetensi secara  baik untuk seluruh aspek kerja diberikan upah sesuai dengan 100% Reference  Point.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Secara umum, ada 2 kategori untuk melaksanakan hal ini  :&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Fixed Incremental System&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada sistim ini selalu ada  kenaikan tahunan dengan beberapa elemen untuk Performance Appraisal. Sehingga  apabila karyawan memiliki performance baik akan mendapatkan kenaikan yang baik  pula begitu juga dengan sebaliknya. Ketika seseorang mendapatkan 67% Compa Ratio  jika tanpa memiliki pengalaman dan baru dalam pekerjaannya. Seseorang yang sudah  memiliki pengalaman dapat diberlakukan seperti karyawan yang sudah ada dan  sesuai dengan pengalaman &amp;amp; keahliannya. Juga apabila kandidat tersebut sudah  memiliki kompetensinya dengan sempurna, dapat diberlakukan max  rate.&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Type Advance&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada prinsipnya sama seperti  sebelumnya, namun ada penambahan kategori yaitu kandidat/karyawan memulai gaji  pada level diatas 100% dari Titik Acuan misalnya 130% dari Point  Factor.&lt;br /&gt;Range perbedaan ini disebabkan oleh adanya kompetensi yang melebihi  dari biasanya serta adanya penambahan tanggung jawab, projek dan coaching  karyawan. Beberapa Perusahaan ada yang melakukan peninjauan ulang gaji setiap  tahunnya dan ada yang melakuannya secara 6 bulanan atau peninjauan setelah  perekruitan dan promosi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3rHKmOEuhvo/TWAEiCkyieI/AAAAAAAAAoY/O3gJnIkpNoo/s1600/pay%2Bprogression-748150.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575461321537915362" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3rHKmOEuhvo/TWAEiCkyieI/AAAAAAAAAoY/O3gJnIkpNoo/s320/pay%2Bprogression-748150.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Resend from 13  September 2009&lt;br /&gt;Widhi Setyo Kusumo&lt;br /&gt;Praktisi SDM &amp;amp; Management&lt;br /&gt;Contact  email : widhi.sk@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ref.&lt;br /&gt;1. Managing Human Resources,  Gomez-Mejia, Prentice Hall&lt;br /&gt;2. Human Resources Management, Noe,  McGraw-Hill&lt;br /&gt;3. Human Resources Management, Robert L Malthis, South  Western&lt;br /&gt;4. Management Sumber Daya Manusia, Dr.Ir.Tb.Sjafri  Mangkuprawira&lt;br /&gt;5. Erisa Ojimba, Certified Compensation  Professional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-5905594140358783055?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/5905594140358783055/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=5905594140358783055' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/5905594140358783055'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/5905594140358783055'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2011/02/pay-structures-salary-structures.html' title='Pay Structures / Salary Structures'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8sMUwdG8-nE/TWAEhX8QZUI/AAAAAAAAAoA/aWKVDT4ZQsc/s72-c/grade-745220.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-8299654740070590474</id><published>2011-02-20T00:45:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-20T01:14:29.211+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Compensation Planning</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="mobile-photo" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IXwyTjC-nSE/TWAByeR_2kI/AAAAAAAAAn4/6aLzDTai46I/s1600/compensation-planning-745077.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575458305318312514" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IXwyTjC-nSE/TWAByeR_2kI/AAAAAAAAAn4/6aLzDTai46I/s320/compensation-planning-745077.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Perusahaan, dalam  merencanakan kegiatannya memerlukan struktur dan system kompensasi yang efektif  dan berdaya guna untuk kebutuhan perusahaannya. Hal ini diperlukan untuk  kelangsungan hidup dari perusahaan. untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut setiap  perusahaan dapat membuatnya langsung sendiri dengan memberdayagunakan HRD di  perusahaannya atau juga dapat dengan meminta bantuan dari lembaga konsultan yang  terpercaya untuk merancang &amp;amp; mengembangkan Rencana Kompensasi Perusahaan /  "Corporate Compensation Planning".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Memang diakui bahwa menggunakan  konsultan akan memerlukan biaya yang tidak sedikit (bahkan hingga puluhan juta  rupiah) sehingga akan membebani perusahaan-perusahaan kecil dan menengah yang  akan berkembang. Bagi perusahaan besar, tentu saja hal ini akan sangat mudah  dilakukan, karena persoalan biaya tidak menjadi masalah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terdapat  beberapa kriteria hal yang perlu dilakukan dalam merencanakan system kompensasi  adalah :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Internal &amp;amp; External Equity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konsep ini  adalah konsep keadilan dimana pada Internal Equity diasosiasikan sebagai  keadilan di didalam perusahaan. Apakah penggajian akan diberlakukan sama  terhadap semua yang memiliki jabatan yang sama dalam perusahaan tersebut.  Sedangkan External Equity diasosiasikan sebagai keadilan dengan kondisi pasar.  Apakah dengan jabatan yang sama akan akan diperoleh sistem penggajian dibawah,  diatas atau sama dengan pasar ? Beberapa konsep I/E Equity ini adalah :  Distribution Justice Model, Labor Market Model &amp;amp; Balancing  Equity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Fixed versus Variable Pay&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam konsep ini  perusahaan dituntut untuk menjalankan sistem kompensasi yang berbasis gaji tetap  atau dengan menggunakan beberapa variable. Penggunaan variable pay sudah umum  dilakukan pada department sales dimana mereka diharapkan untuk mencapai target  perusahaan. Semakin besar variable pay yang ditawarkan akan mengakibatkan  semakin besar risk yang dialami karena profit dari perusahaan akan mempengaruhi  kompensasi yang diperoleh. Fixed pay sudah menjadi hal yang sangat umum  dilakukan di Amerika, karena hal ini dimaksudkan untuk menghindari resiko yang  dialami oleh perusahaan dan karyawannya. Namun hal ini berkaitan juga dengan  regulasi yang diterapkan disana. Sedangan di Indonesia, penggunaan variable pay  sudah ada aturan baku dimana maksimal variable pay adalah 25% dari total gaji  yang diperoleh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Performance versus  Membership&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kriteria ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah kompensasi  ditekankan pada performance dan ditujukan kepada individu atau kontribusi group  atau ditentukan dari jumlah member organisasi dan kuantitas jam  kerja.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Job versus Individual Pay&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kriteria ini  ditujukan pada keinginan perusahaan yang hendak menjadikan dasar kompensasi  merujuk pada bagaimana perusahaan menilai sebuah pekerjaan atau pada perusahaan  yang ingin menstandardkan pada seberapa jauh skill &amp;amp; knowledge yang dimilki  perusahaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. Egalitarianism &amp;amp; versus  Elitism&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perusahaan wajib menentukan apakah akan menetapkan Sistem  Egalitarianism, dimana "Pay Plan" diterapkan kepada seluruh member dengan sistem  kompensasi yang sama. Sedangkan Sistem Elitism mengharuskan untuk penerapan yang  berbeda pada setiap member organisasi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;6. Below Market versus  Above Market Compensation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perusahaan juga harus mulai menetapkan  dirinya untuk fokus pada dibawah pasar atau diatas pasar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;7.  Monetary versus non Monetary Awards&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kriteria ini dilakukan untuk  menetapkan apakah perusahaan akan menjalankan sistem kompensasi yang berbasis  monetary seperti reward bonus dan saham atau berbasis non monetary yang sifatnya  intagible seperti pekerjaan yang menarik dan job security.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;8.  Open versus Secret Pay&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konsep penting yang harus dilakukan adalah  kerahasiaan. Top Management wajib mengakomodasi hal ini dengan menetapkan  standard bahwa arah kebijakan perusahaan menganut kompensasi terbuka atau  tertutup (rahasia) sehingga pelanggaran terhadap hal ini dapat mengakibatkan  PHK.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;9. Centralization versus Decentralization of Pay  Decision&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arah kebijakan juga harus dilakukan terhadap  keputusan-keputusan yang diambil. Perusahaan wajib memilih apakah kebijaksanaan  sistem kompensasi dilakukan secara terpusat dari induk perusahaan atau bisa  didelegasikan hingga ke cabang-cabang perusahaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dengan menjalankan dan  menetapkan langkah-langkah tersebut, perusahaan dapat melakukan sistem  kompensasi yang efektif untuk perusahaan dimana "visi dan misi" perusahaan dapat  terwujud serta didukung oleh team membernya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resend from 15 Januari  2008&lt;br /&gt;Widhi Setyo Kusumo&lt;br /&gt;Praktisi SDM &amp;amp; Management&lt;br /&gt;Contact email :  widhi.sk@gmail.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-8299654740070590474?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/8299654740070590474/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=8299654740070590474' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/8299654740070590474'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/8299654740070590474'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2011/02/compensation-planning.html' title='Compensation Planning'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IXwyTjC-nSE/TWAByeR_2kI/AAAAAAAAAn4/6aLzDTai46I/s72-c/compensation-planning-745077.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-8963449731498419525</id><published>2011-02-20T00:36:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-20T01:13:38.482+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Filosofi Teori Kompensasi (Compensation Theory)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="mobile-photo" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XMYQcOl1hSI/TV__nXp9kJI/AAAAAAAAAnw/i7GFhfr9d2U/s1600/Kompensasi-788877.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575455915537961106" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XMYQcOl1hSI/TV__nXp9kJI/AAAAAAAAAnw/i7GFhfr9d2U/s320/Kompensasi-788877.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Kompensasi  merupakan faktor yang sangat berpengaruh di dalam sebuah  perusahaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tidaklah heran faktor yang satu ini menjadi salah satu pemicu  utama bagi karyawan dalam menentukan langkah karirnya kedepan dan bagi  perusahaan adalah penentuan langkah strategik perusahaan kedepan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sistem  kompensasi dalam organisasi haruslah diselaraskan dengan strategi &amp;amp; tujuan  dari organisasi serta asas kepatutan yang normatif di dalam lingkungan tersebut  sehingga terjadi keselarasan antara perusahaan, karyawan serta komunitas di  lingkungan tersebut (negara &amp;amp; masyarakat sekitarnya)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di dalam  kehidupan bernegara kita mengenal banyak macam ragam sistem perekonomian seperti  : komunis, sosialis, dan kapitalis serta liberalis. Konsep-konsep ini sangat  mempengaruhi kehidupan bernegara dan bermasyarakat serta berinvestasi. Karena  hal ini akan saling terkait dengan beberapa faktor yang berlaku &amp;amp; berjalan  di suatu daerah / negara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Namun pada prinsipnya, meskipun berbeda  sistemnya, strategi &amp;amp; program kompensasi tetaplah akan berguna &amp;amp; efektif  apabila para pengambil keputusan (top manajemen) melakukan beberapa hal  :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Asas Kepatuhan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dilakukan minimal sesuai dengan  tatanan hukum &amp;amp; peraturan yang berlaku di lingkungan tersebut  (negara)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Asas Efektivitas &amp;amp; Efisiensi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Strategi  yang dijalankan haruslah efektif &amp;amp; efisien, sehingga perusahaan dapat  bersaing dengan sempurna di pasaran global ketika benchmarking  dijalankan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Asas 3P Concept&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Strategi Kompensasi  harus sudah mengikuti konsep&lt;br /&gt;a. Pay for Position, dimana perusahaan mengacu  pada standar yang diberlakukan untuk sebuah posisi yang akan ditempati oleh  karyawan tersebut&lt;br /&gt;b. Pay for Person, dimana perusahaan mengacu pada budaya  organisasi serta adaptabilitas yang tinggi dari karyawan untuk bisa nyaman  bekerja&lt;br /&gt;c. Pay for Performance, dimana perusahan memberikan peningkatan imbal  jasa yang disesuaikan dengan kinerja&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Asas Kinerja  Organisasi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Strategi kompensasi juga mempertimbangkan internal di  perusahaan agar tetap berkesinambungan dalam persaingan global di industri.  Peningkatan kinerja diperlukan guna memperbaiki kompensasi yang telah  ada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Produk kompensasi akan selalu berubah setiap masa karena pasar  selalu bergerak dan berubah. Untuk itu diperlukan strategi &amp;amp; pendekatan  kompensasi secara fleksibel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resend from 29 Desember 2007&lt;br /&gt;Widhi Setyo  Kusumo&lt;br /&gt;Praktisi SDM &amp;amp; Management&lt;br /&gt;Contact email :  widhi.sk@gmail.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-8963449731498419525?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/8963449731498419525/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=8963449731498419525' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/8963449731498419525'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/8963449731498419525'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2011/02/filosofi-teori-kompensasi-compensation.html' title='Filosofi Teori Kompensasi (Compensation Theory)'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XMYQcOl1hSI/TV__nXp9kJI/AAAAAAAAAnw/i7GFhfr9d2U/s72-c/Kompensasi-788877.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-8220190885238052737</id><published>2011-02-20T00:22:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-20T01:12:10.698+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pengantar Filosofi Imbal Jasa / Upah</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xBSsHg73HVU/TV_8i7uW6DI/AAAAAAAAAno/YiUmoKv3O4o/s1600/pengantar-imbal-jasa-703241.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575452540785846322" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xBSsHg73HVU/TV_8i7uW6DI/AAAAAAAAAno/YiUmoKv3O4o/s320/pengantar-imbal-jasa-703241.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Imbal Jasa / Upah  memiliki beragam definisi. Definisi yang umum dijelaskan dan digambarkan dalam  buku-buku literatur dan kegiatan sehari-hari di dunia industri adalah  :&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Upah menurut Undang-Undang&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;"Upah adalah hak  pekerja/buruh yang diterima dan dinyatakan dalam bentuk uang sebagai imbalan  dari pengusaha / pemberi kerja kepada pekerja / buruh yang ditetapkan dan di  bayarkan menurut suatu perjanjian kerja, kesepakatan, atau peraturan  perundang-undangan termasuk tunjangan bagi pekerja / buruh dan keluarganya atas  suatu pekerjaan dan/atau jasa yang telah atau akan dilakukan." Undang Undang  Tenaga Kerja No.13 Tahun 2000, Bab I, pasal 1, Ayat 30&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Upah  menurut pengertiannya&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Upah adalah sebuah kesanggupan dari perusahaan  untuk menilai karyawannya dan memposisikan diri dalam benchmarking dengan dunia  industri. Perusahaan wajib memiliki kerangka dasar System Pengupahan yang baku  &amp;amp; standard untuk dijadikan acuan dalam pembicaraan negosiasi gaji. Tujuan  utama dari ini adalah untuk menarik, mempertahankan, dan memotivasi serta  memuaskan karyawan agar tetap bertahan &amp;amp; berkarya di perusahaan  kita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Pada umumnya perusahaan sektor swasta (yang belum terbuka)  memerlukan suatu filosofi upah yang kompetitif. Sedangkan untuk perusahaan  terbuka (Tbk) umumnya memerlukan filosofi yang lengkap dengan berfokus pada  benefit &amp;amp; kualitas pekerjaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Rangkuman dari Filosofi Upah adalah  sebuah Maha Karya Perusahaan / Corporate Masterpiece (selain dari produk  perusahaan) yaitu sebuah Total Kompensasi. Dimana dalam Total Kompensasi ini  terdapat komponen yang saling menunjang satu dengan lainnya agar perusahaan  dapat kompetitif di pasar industri. Komponen-komponen tersebut dapat berwujud  langsung maupun tidak langsung diterima karyawan seperti gaji, insentif /  tunjangan, saham, medical dsb. Kesemua ini merupakan bentuk kombinasi yang harus  menarik, mengikat, dan memotivasi serta memuaskan karyawan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Untuk lebih  jelasnya bisa kita simak beberapa contoh strategi pengupahan di bawah ini :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;-  Penawaran gaji yang kompetitif di pasar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Optimalisasi Turn Over pada  penekanan strategi menarik karyawan baru&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Fokus pada menahan karyawan  tinggal (retain)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Struktur Penggajian yang sempurna (kompetitif, menarik,  menahan dan mempertahankan serta mampu mempengaruhi pasar industri)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Tantangan  yang kini dihadapi oleh perusahaan adalah "How To Create Effective Total  Compensation System". Hal ini bukanlah tugas yang mudah bagi para top management  untuk merumuskannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Contoh mudah bisa kita gambarkan demikian  :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Sebuah perusahaan kecil yang berkembang dengan memiliki cash flow &amp;amp;  turn over yang rendah hendak menentukan system pengupahan yang baku. Filosofi  yang mungkin bisa dilaksanakan adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Memberikan pengupahan dasar yang  kompetitif dan bukan secara agresif, namun dapat dibandingkan dengan yang  didapatkan di tempat lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Menawarkan equity perusahaan (saham) sehingga  mereka akan memperoleh hasil yang memuaskan apabila perusahaan tersebut  profitable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Melakukan program pengupahan yang progresif melalui insentif  sehingga high performance dapat merasakan perbedaannya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Melakukan strategi  memimpin di awal tahun dan tertinggal di akhir tahun dan sebaliknya (strategi  yang sama dapat juga diimplementasikan namun berbeda dalam interval waktu). Pada  umumnya peninjauan gaji biasanya dilakukan 1-2 kali setahun dimana pasar  industri terus menerus bergerak secara spontan. Penentuan peninjauan gaji harus  dilakukan oleh perusahaan secara berkala tiap tahun untuk merefleksikan kondisi  perusahaan di pasar industri apakah akan memimpin atau ditengah-tengah atau  paling bawah di pasar industri&lt;b&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Skill &amp;amp; Performance merujuk  harga pasar&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Filosofi upah yang sekarang sudah mulai memberlakukan  skill-kompensasi. Semakin tinggi kemampuan &amp;amp; performance yang dimiliki, maka  kompensasinya akan mendekati standarisasi. Cara ini biasanya dilakukan untuk  para spesialis khusus bidang tertentu dan bukan pada level  managerial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Berbeda halnya dengan Skill &amp;amp; Performance, Masa Kerja  merupakan faktor yang kurang disenangi dalam perhitungan Upah. Namun hal ini  tidak bisa dihilangkan begitu saja dan akan tetap abadi persoalan ini. Contoh  sederhana adalah apabila seseorang yang memiliki gaji Rp.8.500.000 dan dia  berada pada comparatio 85%, maka ia &amp;amp; perusahaan akan dihadapkan pada  masalah loyalitas. Bisa saja si karyawan akan mudah meninggalkan pekerjaannya  dan menuju ke kompetitor lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Sebenarnya perusahaan akan sangat mudah  melakukan increament &amp;amp; adjustment hingga compa ratio 90-95% (Rp.9.000.000 -  Rp.9.500.000). Namun pada prinsipnya perusahaan harus memutuskan apakah akan  menaikkan sesuai dengan pasar 100% atau memang sengaja membiarkan agar karyawan  tersebut meninggalkan perusahaan dan menggantinya dengan yang baru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Ada  beberapa keuntungan dengan menggunakan Pay for Proficiency. Sebab upah dibakukan  kepada nilai/harga pasar suatu pekerjaan. Karyawan tidak lagi terbentur pada  masalah kenaikan gaji tahunan yang hanya berkisar sekian persen. Sebab  nilai/harga pasar suatu pekerjaan merujuk kepada ketrampilan, maka pembicaraan  &amp;amp; diskusi mengenai gaji dapat dimulai dari bermacam-macam tingkatan. Mulai  dari tingkatan paling dasar (basic hingga advance). Penilaian ini didasarkan  pada pengukuran sampai dimana tingkat kemampuannya pada pekerjaannya  tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Keahlian tidaklah sama dengan performance. Seseorang yang masih  belum menguasai pekerjaannya tetaplah bisa memperlajari dari awal terutama  setelah melalui masa promosi dan tidak bisa dinilai sebagai poor performance.  Namun hasilnya sebaiknya melebihi dari harapan tersebut. Karyawan yang melebihi  dari yang diharapkan tersebut sebaiknya dipertahankan dan dipacu untuk bergerak  melampaui level selanjutnya. Jika tidak dilakukan akan menyebabkan karyawan  menjadi stagnan &amp;amp; tidak termotivasi serta mulai mencari tantangan baru di  tempat lainnya. Program ini harus dijalankan secara  berkesinambungan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Secara hukum, praktek penggajian harus konsisten, tidak  diskriminatif, &amp;amp; sewenang-wenang. Namun filosofi penggajian dapat  diberlakukan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Sistem penggajian untuk posisi yang "sulit diisi" perlu  diberlakukan secara progresif&lt;br /&gt;- Konsistensi untuk meniadakan labour dispute.  Standarisasi perlu dilakukan agar dikemudian hari tidak terjadi permasalahan  dengan karyawan yang baru masuk dengan karyawan yang sudah lama.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa  kasus yang bermula hanya berasal dari ketidak-konsistensian ini mengakibatkan  terjadinya proses hukum dan hal ini dibiarkan berlarut-larut. Kasus ini dapat  dibenahi namun membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Jika perusahaan memiliki  biaya, maka sebaiknya dilakukan langkah untuk "Lay People Off atau Freeze  Salary".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Komunikasi&lt;br /&gt;1. Komunikasi adalah bagian dari  mempertahankan karyawan unggulan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa perusahaan melakukan  komunikasi tentang filosofi penggajiannya kepada karyawannya bahkan  menjadikannya sebagai recruitment &amp;amp; retention strategy. Hal ini akan  memudahkan recruitor dalam melakukan propose salary kepada kandidat dimana  penawarannya akan mempunyai dasar. Begitupula halnya dengan kandidat, mereka  akan mengetahui standard di perusahaan tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh yang bagus adalah  misalnya sebuah perusahaan yang turn overnya tinggi di engineering department  (sebuah departement yang sangat berperan penting dalam kesuksesan peningkatan  profit perusahaan) memutuskan ingin mempekerjakan seorang technical &amp;amp;  maintenance support yang diatas pasar. jabatan ini memperoleh  kemudahan-kemudahan yang luar biasa di perusahaan tersebut. Komunikasipun  dilakukan di lingkup karyawan oleh Top Management (CEO). hasilnya adalah  beberapa karyawan menganggap bahwa hal ini tidak adil &amp;amp; tidak fair sehinga  mereka meninggalkan perusahaan ke tempat lain. Sedangkan karyawan yang lainnya  akan menganggap bahwa perusahaan telah berlaku adil, jujur dan memilih untuk  berkarya di perusahaan. hal ini memudahkan perusahaan dalam menarik &amp;amp;  menahan karyawan di engineering department agar tetap berkarya di perusahaan dan  tidak pindah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Komunikasi yang melibatkan top  management&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lakukanlah dialog dengan HR Department mengenai  kompensasi agar diperoleh informasi yang lebih akurat dan terstruktur. Filosofi  perusahaan akan tercermin dan terimplementasi dalam struktur tersebut. Namun  apabila di perusahaan belum mempunyai filosofi &amp;amp; struktur penggajian, maka  ajukan saran kepada top management agar melakukan pembenahan dan evaluasi  struktur kompensasi di internal dahulu lalu dilanjutkan dengan benchmarking  pasar. hal ini perlu dilakukan karena setiap karyawan berhak untuk memperoleh  pengetahuan tentang jabatannya yang dikonversikan ke dalam struktur  gaji.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Filosofi penggajian harus dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah  karyawan kita itu underpay, overpay atau meet. Underpay &amp;amp; overpay akan  menghasilkan masalah biaya dalam perusahaan (turn over maupun high salary).  Biasanya HR Department sangat berperan dalam filosofi penggajian ini, namun  dalam pelaksanaan &amp;amp; komunikasi, seluruh top management (senior manager)  harus dilibatkan dan filosofi tersebut harulah in-line dengan objektif  perusahaan. Para Top Management haruslah saling mengerti dan menyetujui serta  mendukung program pengupahan ini agar bisa dijalankan dengan  sukses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resend from 11 Januari 2008&lt;br /&gt;Widhi Setyo Kusumo&lt;br /&gt;Praktisi  SDM &amp;amp; Management&lt;br /&gt;Contact email :  widhi.sk@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Referensi&lt;br /&gt;1. Managing Human Resources, Gomez-Mejia,  Prentice Hall&lt;br /&gt;2. Human Resources Management, Noe, McGraw-Hill&lt;br /&gt;3. Human  Resources Management, Robert L Malthis, South Western&lt;br /&gt;4. Management Sumber  Daya Manusia, Dr.Ir.Tb.Sjafri Mangkuprawira&lt;br /&gt;5. Erisa Ojimba, Certified  Compensation Professional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-8220190885238052737?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/8220190885238052737/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=8220190885238052737' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/8220190885238052737'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/8220190885238052737'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2011/02/pengantar-filosofi-imbal-jasa-upah.html' title='Pengantar Filosofi Imbal Jasa / Upah'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xBSsHg73HVU/TV_8i7uW6DI/AAAAAAAAAno/YiUmoKv3O4o/s72-c/pengantar-imbal-jasa-703241.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-8999872317580122902</id><published>2011-02-08T19:32:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-08T19:50:03.569+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Performance Appraisal with Bell Curve Methods</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="mobile-photo" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TVE4DNPR2MI/AAAAAAAAAi4/ChI4VHO1Lfg/s1600/PA%2Bwith%2BBell%2BCurve-796167.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Performance Appraisal merupakan hal yang sudah lumrah  dan dilakukan setiap tahunnya oleh perusahaan. Beberapa macam teknik mengenai  Performance Appraisal sudah dibahas di beberapa text book maupun diskusi-diskusi  di milis maupun dunia maya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Namun seringkali ada sebuah metode yang  digunakan oleh perusahaan yaitu dengan cara "memaksa" sekumpulan Performance  Appraisal menjadi seperti kurva distribusi normal. Metode ini dikenal dengan  nama Bell Curve Methods yang sesuai dengan namanya adalah kurva yang menyerupai  gambar lonceng atau sering juga disebut dengan Forced Ranking  Methods.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Metode ini mengharuskan (dari namanya saja sudah kelihatan  memaksa) untuk seluruh Performance Appraisal terdiri dari beberapa kelompok yang  sifatnya tetap dari sisi jumlah untuk seluruh karyawan. Metode ini akan sangat  membantu apabila digunakan untuk perusahaan yang memiliki sejumlah besar  karyawan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TVE4CgimwII/AAAAAAAAAio/XzmsH5Ool24/s1600/Bell-Curved-JackWelch-794162.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5571295829779988610" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TVE4CgimwII/AAAAAAAAAio/XzmsH5Ool24/s320/Bell-Curved-JackWelch-794162.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Jack Welch, mantan CEO dari General Electric seringkali  mengkaitkan Performance Appraisal dengan distribusi 20-70-10, dimana 20% adalah  Top Performance, 70% adalah rata-rata umumnya karyawan dan masih  tersisa&amp;nbsp;10% nya untuk dilakukan pembinaan atau pembinasaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Meskipun para supervisor melakukan diskusi performance  review, serngkali terjadi perdebatan di tingkat top managemen mengenai hasil  pencapaian kinerja tersebut jika dibandingkan dengan pihak luar. Seringkali pula  para High Performance ini tidak memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai mengenai hasil  pencapaian mereka atau kuranngnya diskusi secara intens antara karyawan dengan  atasannya atau bahkan atasannya sendiri yang&amp;nbsp;kurang memiliki pengetahuan  yang memadai untuk memberikan guideline bagaimana sebuah hasil yang luar biasa  itu dapat dicapai. Seringkali pula secara individu mereka menjadi tergantung  pada kemauan &amp;amp; keinginan supervisor/atasannya untuk memperjuangkan  mereka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Contoh yang sederhana adalah misalnya ada sebuah  perusahaan yang memiliki 1.500 karyawan dimana pada assessment awal menghasilkan  data performance karyawan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;-&amp;nbsp;Outstanding = 10%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Very Good = 13%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Average = 25%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Poor = 35%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;- Fail = 17%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Management menghendaki agar menggunakan distribusi  normal seperti Jack Welch namun dengan prosentase yang berbeda (Rekomendasi  menjadi 5-10-70-10-5, dimana 5% adalah&amp;nbsp;Outstanding &amp;amp; Fail Performance,  10% adalah&amp;nbsp;Very Good &amp;amp; Poor Performance serta 70% untuk Average)  seperti yang ditunjukkan pada tabel data karyawan dengan PA berikut  :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TVE4C42YJ_I/AAAAAAAAAiw/saRq1VJV3G4/s1600/Tabel%2BData%2BKaryawan%2Bwith%2BPA-795188.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5571295836305369074" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TVE4C42YJ_I/AAAAAAAAAiw/saRq1VJV3G4/s320/Tabel%2BData%2BKaryawan%2Bwith%2BPA-795188.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TVE4DNPR2MI/AAAAAAAAAi4/ChI4VHO1Lfg/s1600/PA%2Bwith%2BBell%2BCurve-796167.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5571295841778522306" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TVE4DNPR2MI/AAAAAAAAAi4/ChI4VHO1Lfg/s320/PA%2Bwith%2BBell%2BCurve-796167.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Namun tentu saja hal ini masih sebatas angka belaka. Hal  yang paling utama dalam melakukan development Performance Appraisal adalah  melihat secara keseluruhan sampai dimana Gap yang dimiliki dari tiap karyawan  (individual assessment)&amp;nbsp;sehingga kita bisa merumuskan final result yang  terbaik untuk perusahaan kita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Beberapa Advantages &amp;amp; Disadvantages  tentang&amp;nbsp;Forced Ranking adalah :&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Advantages&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;1. Menerima adanya perbedaan pada tiap karyawan di dalam  organisasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;2. Mewajibkan karyawan untuk berprestasi semaksimal  mungkin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;3. Organisasi dapat melihat talent dari masing-masing  anggota dan&amp;nbsp;belajar bagaimana membuat keputusan penting untuk karyawan yang  potensial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;4. Adanya verifikasi data untuk seluruh&amp;nbsp;performance  appraisal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;5. Karyawan dihargai karena yang terbaik adalah yang  berada di puncak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;6. Seluruh pimpinan memberkan perhatian terhadap kinerja  anak buahnya serta dirinya sendiri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;7. Karyawan "low performance yang termotivasi" akan  bergairah dan meningkatkan kinerjanya&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Disadvantages&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;1. Secara keseluruhan, moral karyawan&amp;nbsp;akan turun  (negatif)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;2. Karyawan&amp;nbsp;low performance akan  terdemotivasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;3. Banyaknya keluhan maupun protes akan ketidaksetujuan  terhadapa proses yang berlangsung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;4. Timbul ketidaknyamanan bekerja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;5. Karyawan "low performance yang tidak termotivasi"  akan tersingkir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Tentu saja tidak ada sistem yang terbaik, namun yang ada  adalah system yang paling baik dan tepat untuk digunakan pada&amp;nbsp;perusahaan  kita sesuai dengan kondisi yang ada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Selamat berkarya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Widhi  Setyo Kusumo&lt;br /&gt;Praktisi HR &amp;amp; Ketenagakerjaan&lt;br /&gt;Contact :  widhi.sk@gmail.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-8999872317580122902?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/8999872317580122902/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=8999872317580122902' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/8999872317580122902'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/8999872317580122902'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2011/02/performance-appraisal-with-bell-curve.html' title='Performance Appraisal with Bell Curve Methods'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TVE4CgimwII/AAAAAAAAAio/XzmsH5Ool24/s72-c/Bell-Curved-JackWelch-794162.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-641893460607800779</id><published>2011-01-28T02:28:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2011-01-28T02:38:27.105+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Bonus</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH3eSWD5I/AAAAAAAAAh0/DXc6IR_Yk7o/s1600/bonus-2-737629.JPG"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5566950370243383186" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH3eSWD5I/AAAAAAAAAh0/DXc6IR_Yk7o/s320/bonus-2-737629.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;Bonus merupakan pembagian/pemberian sebagian  keuntungan dari total seluruh keuntungan yang diperoleh perusahaan kepada  karyawan. Ada perusahaan&amp;nbsp;yang&amp;nbsp;mengkaitkan bonus dengan merefer pada  kinerja tiap individu dan ada pula yang sama sekali tidak mengkaitkan hal ini  dengan kinerja.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;Perhitungan bonus atau yang sering disebut  dengan&amp;nbsp;jasa produksi bagi para manufacturing&amp;nbsp;sifatnya tidak wajib bagi  pengusaha. Di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia  hingga kini belum memuat hal yang berkaitan dengan Bonus. Sehingga hal ini tidak  menjadikan Bonus sebagai kaidah yang normatif bagi pekerja untuk menerima dan  pengusaha untuk memberikannya. Jadi apabila ada pengusaha yang sama sekali tidak  memberikan bonus kepada pekerjanya, maka hal ini tidak dapat dijadikan dasar  alasan untuk menuntut perusahaan di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial  (PHI).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH3Ae4ZPI/AAAAAAAAAhs/JVtdzkfI8aY/s1600/bonus-1-736786.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5566950362242901234" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH3Ae4ZPI/AAAAAAAAAhs/JVtdzkfI8aY/s320/bonus-1-736786.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;Jadi intinya adalah adanya keikhlasan dan keinginan  serta niat baik dari pengusaha untuk semua karyawannya agar betah (retain  employee). Tentu saja jika tidak ada bonus, para pengusaha akan kehilangan  karyawan2 terbaiknya alias tidak betah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;Idealnya untuk bonus adalah merefleksikan kinerja  dari team/kelompok atau perorangan. Sehingga besar sekali kemungkinan bahwa ada  beberapa pekerja yang memperoleh bonus yang lebih besar dari pekerja yang  lainnya atau bahkan sama sekali tidak mendapatkan bonus.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH3rJsbzI/AAAAAAAAAh8/xZRV7ahqjlA/s1600/bonus-3-738258.JPG"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5566950373696761650" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH3rJsbzI/AAAAAAAAAh8/xZRV7ahqjlA/s320/bonus-3-738258.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;Lalu seringkali para pekerja terutama dari Serikat  Pekerja / Serikat Buruh meminta agar hal ini dikaitkan dengan masa kerja. Memang  boleh saja jika ada perusahaan yang melakukan hal ini, namun tentu saja akan  menjadikan kondisi yang kurang ideal. Mengapa ? Karena hal ini sangat  bertentangan dengan&amp;nbsp;definisi Bonus itu sendiri yang dikaitkan dengan  kinerja.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt; Hal ini akan mengakibatkan&amp;nbsp;pekerja  yang masih&amp;nbsp;junior &amp;amp;&amp;nbsp;baru menjadi tidak betah karena bonusnya  sedikit, padahal kinerjanya luar biasa. Idealnya adalah berdasarkan performance  / kinerja dari karyawan tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH3IKK6pI/AAAAAAAAAhk/-ro7lHBi1RE/s1600/bonus-5-736119.JPG"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5566950364303518354" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH3IKK6pI/AAAAAAAAAhk/-ro7lHBi1RE/s320/bonus-5-736119.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;Bagaimana dengan formula untuk melakukan eksekusi  Bonus ? Tentunya hal ini bisa anda pelajari pada berbagai macam literatur.  Banyak sekali formula yang bisa anda analisa serta pelajari. Konsep utamanya  adalah keikhlasan pengusaha untuk berbagi rejeki.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;Jadi apa yang bisa dilakukan pekerja untuk bisa  memperoleh Bonus yang besar.....?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;Mari kita tingkatkan profesionalisme dan kompetensi  kita untuk menjadikan perusahaan kita yang tercinta memperoleh keuntungan yang  luar biasa sehingga dampaknya&amp;nbsp;akan berimbas pada pendapatan  kita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH37n__II/AAAAAAAAAiE/nXd8whrU16o/s1600/bonus-4-739424.JPG"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5566950378118839426" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH37n__II/AAAAAAAAAiE/nXd8whrU16o/s320/bonus-4-739424.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;Selamat berkarya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Widhi Setyo Kusumo&lt;br /&gt;Praktisi HR &amp;amp;  Ketenagakerjaan&lt;br /&gt;Contact :  widhi.sk@gmail.com&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-641893460607800779?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/641893460607800779/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=641893460607800779' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/641893460607800779'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/641893460607800779'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2011/01/bonus_28.html' title='Bonus'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TUHH3eSWD5I/AAAAAAAAAh0/DXc6IR_Yk7o/s72-c/bonus-2-737629.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-1030002340839900792</id><published>2010-10-13T21:27:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-13T21:47:17.363+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Menghitung Labor Cost dengan Simpel &amp; Sederhana</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCc5rEM9I/AAAAAAAAAbg/NDthkS2fDc0/s1600/labor-cost-1-710821.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527537919440729042" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCc5rEM9I/AAAAAAAAAbg/NDthkS2fDc0/s320/labor-cost-1-710821.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Beberapa perusahaan cenderung kurang  memperhatikan perhitungan&amp;nbsp;Labor Cost. Pada perhitungan ini, kita harus  memastikan bahwa biaya yang diperhitungkan meliputi&amp;nbsp;dari awal&amp;nbsp;(hiring)  hingga mempertahankan nya (keeping &amp;amp; retain). Hal ini tidak hanya terbatas  pada seberapa besar&amp;nbsp;kita membayar gaji karyawan, namun juga bagaimana  efeknya terhadap asuransi, benefit, pajak dll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Di dalam industri manufacturing (fabrikasi),  Labor Cost biasanya terbagi menjadi 2 bagian :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Direct Labor Cost&lt;/b&gt; untuk para  karyawan yang berhubungan langsung dengan bagian produksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;2. Indirect Labor Cost&lt;/b&gt; untuk  para karyawan yang tidak berhubungan langsung dengan produksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Untuk melakukan perhitungan Labor Cost secara  sederhana, maka beberapa komponen&amp;nbsp;yang saling terkait  adalah&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Gaji&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCdI99glI/AAAAAAAAAbs/gjv0zRUOYbI/s1600/salary-gaji-712208.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527537923546514002" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCdI99glI/AAAAAAAAAbs/gjv0zRUOYbI/s320/salary-gaji-712208.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Hitunglah Total Biaya yang kita keluarkan untuk  gaji karyawan semua level termasuk non permanen. Tentu saja untuk perusahaan  asing, biaya expat dikeluarkan dahulu. Kesemua hal ini merupakan bagian dari  Labor Cost kita.&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Program Pensiun&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCdVyUarI/AAAAAAAAAb4/6k-Igjh3oKM/s1600/LogoJamsostek-712881.gif"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527537926987344562" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCdVyUarI/AAAAAAAAAb4/6k-Igjh3oKM/s320/LogoJamsostek-712881.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Lakukan analisa biaya yang terkait dengan Pensiun  Plan yang perusahaan berikan. Tentu saja yang masuk dalam perhitungan  adalah&amp;nbsp;program pensiun yang perusahaan memberikan kontribusi (membayar  iurannya). Apabila ada program yang karyawan membayar, maka hal ini tidak bisa  dimasukkan ke dalam Direct Labor Cost. Khusus untuk Indonesia jangan lupa  diperhatikan UU.13 Tahun 2003&amp;nbsp;yang berkenaan dengan  pensiun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Biaya Kesehatan&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCdkTXXUI/AAAAAAAAAcI/jkNKw84gUkk/s1600/biaya+kesehatan-714264.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527537930884046146" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCdkTXXUI/AAAAAAAAAcI/jkNKw84gUkk/s320/biaya+kesehatan-714264.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Lakukan perhitungan asuransi kesehatan untuk tiap  karyawan dan semua hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan asuransi kesehatan &amp;amp;  ketidakmampuan (cacat) yang dibebankan kepada perusahaan. Biaya keseluruhan  untuk Kesehatan ini merupakan bagian dari Labor Cost.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Training &amp;amp;  Development&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCd5aGWlI/AAAAAAAAAcQ/ibe_m2LVy_E/s1600/training%26development-715660.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527537936549435986" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCd5aGWlI/AAAAAAAAAcQ/ibe_m2LVy_E/s320/training%26development-715660.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Pembinaan,&amp;nbsp;pelatihan serta bimbingan  (couching &amp;amp; counselling)&amp;nbsp;kepada karyawan memiliki porsi yang bisa  dikategorikan ke dalam Labor Cost. Terlebih lagi apabila program ini sangat  diperlukan untuk menunjang kinerja &amp;amp; performance karyawan. Maka Training  &amp;amp; Development dapat dimasukkan ke dalam bagian dari Labor Cost. Namun  seringkali biaya ini tidak dimasukkan ke dalam labor cost karena kurang  significant.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. Pajak&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCelvEx2I/AAAAAAAAAco/jpNT4fMDNuY/s1600/pajak-717893.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527537948448573282" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCelvEx2I/AAAAAAAAAco/jpNT4fMDNuY/s320/pajak-717893.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Biaya beban pajak tergantung dari tiap negara  karena memiliki aturan main yang berbeda-beda.&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Estimasi Labor Cost&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCelvEx2I/AAAAAAAAAco/jpNT4fMDNuY/s1600/pajak-717893.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCeBpBerI/AAAAAAAAAcY/cjS6R5IvFhI/s1600/labor-cost-2-716352.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527537938759514802" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCeBpBerI/AAAAAAAAAcY/cjS6R5IvFhI/s320/labor-cost-2-716352.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Untuk menentukan jumlah total biaya yang  dikeluarkan untuk Direct Labor Cost, maka jumlahkan ketiga komponen biaya  tersebut (Gaji + Program Pensiun + Biaya Kesehatan + Training &amp;amp;  Development). Setelah itu lakukan perhitungan dengan melibatkan komponen Pajak  yang wajib dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan akibat dari perhitungan biaya-biaya yang  sudah diutarakan sebelumnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Apabila dalam penerimaan  karyawan baru (all level) juga diperlukan tambahan biaya seperti iklan,  headhunter, jobfair, recruitment di kampus, dll, maka hal ini perlu juga  dimasukkan ke dalam Labor Cost.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Gabungkan kesemuanya itu untuk menjadi Total  Direct Labor Cost perusahaan anda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Cukup mudah&amp;nbsp;&amp;amp; sedehana bukan  ?&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Widhi Setyo Kusumo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Praktisi Ketenagakerjaan &amp;amp;  Management&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contact : widhi.sk@gmail.com &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-1030002340839900792?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/1030002340839900792/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=1030002340839900792' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/1030002340839900792'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/1030002340839900792'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2010/10/menghitung-labor-cost-dengan-simpel.html' title='Menghitung Labor Cost dengan Simpel &amp; Sederhana'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aUz9dFmnrZk/TLXCc5rEM9I/AAAAAAAAAbg/NDthkS2fDc0/s72-c/labor-cost-1-710821.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-4655945382136924480</id><published>2010-03-01T16:21:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-07T12:30:26.880+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sales Compensation (Sistem Penggajian Sales)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt; Berbahagialah bagi para karyawan yang bergelut di bidang Sales.  Mengapa ? Karena merekalah yang sebenarnya ujung tombak perusahaan. Jika kita  bandingkan dengan seluruh jabatan dan departemen atau seksi-seksi di perusahaan,  maka departemen Sales merupakan profit maker. Kita bisa bedakan jenis pekerjaan  pada tiap-tiap perusahaan menjadi 2 bagian :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. &lt;b&gt;Profit  Department&lt;/b&gt;, Unit ini biasanya dimiliki oleh Sales Department dan semua  jabatan penghasil pundi-pundi keuangan perusahaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. &lt;b&gt;Supporting  Department&lt;/b&gt;, Pada unit ini bersifat mensupport dan mendukung seluruh  langkah operasional perusahaan untuk pencapaian target.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menjaga karyawan  sales merupakan sebuah tantangan yang harus dihadapi. Mungkin kita bisa  memotivasi seseorang sales, namun bagaimana dengan sales yang lainnya ? Bisa  saja para sales yang lainnya mungkin malah tidak termotivasi. Para Sales Manager  harus mengetahui hal ini dan selalu mengetahui semua kondisi salesnya berada  pada tingkat posisi yang mana pada skala motivasi. Imbal jasa sales merupakan  faktor yang sangat krusial, namun tidak hanya itu saja, beberapa faktor lainnya  juga sangat berpengaruh seperti yang bersifat universal di semua perusahaan  yaitu salah satu diantaranya adalah kurang diperhatikannya korelasi antara  faktor kesuksesan penjualan dengan imbal jasanya. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan  para sales kita akan melirik dan mencari perusahaan yang lain  lagi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kebijakan Sales Compensation = Garda  terdepan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seringkali perusahaan mengubah strategi kompensasinya, dan  hanya merekruit dari satu type kandidat dan berfikir bahwa jenis karyawan yang  seperti inilah yang kita butuhkan. Dan tak lama kemudian dalam hitungan bulan,  mereka memerlukan beberapa keahlian lain yang perlu dimiliki oleh kandidat kita  ini. Jadi marilah kita berkaca bahwa kadangkala kondisi yang tidak diinginkanitu  terjadi sehingga kita perlu membuat sistem yang menarik sales  kita.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kebijakan Khusus diantara para Sales&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dewasa ini  seringkali kita dipusingkan oleh para sales kita yang baru saja beberapa bulan  onboard, kemudian mengajukan pengunduran dirinya. Padahal jenis sales seperti  ini yang paling dan amat sangat kita butuhkan di perusahaan. Sales yang keluar  ini bisa kita katakan adalah penggabungan dari kecerdasan dan kemampuan menjual  yang luar biasa bahkan dari sekian jumlah sales yang kita miliki, perolehan  sales karyawan yang briliant tersebut diatas 50% dari rekan-rekannya. Jadi kita  harus membuat para top performance ini tetap bertahan dan loyal kepada  kita.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gross Revenue &amp;amp; Gross Margin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ada hal yang  sangat perlu diperhatikan yaitu ketika para sales berhasil menggolkan beberapa  projek/tender besar. Hal ini akan sangat menggembirakan bagi perusahaan dan para  sales itu sendiri, namun dilain pihak, projek /tender ini terus berjalan dan  seringkali hasilnya diluar dari perkiraan semula seperti faktor tenaga yang  diperlukan, durasi pekerjaan yang kurang dan sebaginya. Tentu saja akibatnya  adalah profit perusahaan berkurang dan tentu saja ini diluar perhitungan dari  para sales. Para sales menganggap bahwa tugas mereka sudah selesai dengan  berhasil melakukan deal &amp;amp; closing atas projek tersebut. Tentu saja proses  projek terbut diluar kendali para sales. Model kompensasi yang dilakukan disini  harus dibuat dengan sangat hati-hati agar tidak bermasalah di kemudian  hari.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sales Fokus&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Perusahaan wajib menjaga fokus dari  para salesnya. Dalam hal ini biasanya sistem financial sales dikeluarkan dari  management policy. Ada istilah untuk para sales yaitu "the sky is the limit"  atau tidak ada batasannya untuk para sales. Kita sebaiknya memberikan data  kepada mereka dan berikanlah gambaran akan target kita dan biarkan mereka  berjalan dengan sendirinya. Biasanya mahluk sales ini sangat independent, tidak  terpengaruh akan kuota target perusahaan. Hal ini merupakan naluri dasar para  sales.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jangan sekali-kali membebankan biaya tinggi yang terjadi pada  departemen lain untuk menjadi tanggungan para sales kita. Selesaikan masalah itu  dan jangan biarkan keuntungan yang seharusnya diperoleh para sales kita harus  dipotong terlebih dahulu dengan cost department lain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Merancang  Penggajian Sales&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terdapat 4 faktor utama yang menyertai dalam  melakukan perancangan penggajian para sales :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Sifat dasar Orang  Sales&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stereotipe yang sangat populer untuk para sales adalah sangat  termotivasi oleh penggajiannya yang sangat menarik. Beberapa studi lebih lanjut  bahkan menempatkan faktor ini sebagai faktor yang dominan karena menghasilkan  83,7% responden menyatakan kepuasan dari faktor ini dibandingkan dengan  faktor-faktor lainnya seperti : kesempatan promosi, pengembangan diri, sense of  accomplishment, aktualisasi diri, dan job security.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Strategi  Organisasi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rencana Penggajian para Sales harus dikaitkan dengan  prilaku para sales dengan strategi organisasi. Para sales haruslah mengetahui  kapan dia akan menekan customer service dan kapan dia akan menekan sales volume.  Dan ketika sales volume masuk target, produk yang mana yang harus dikejar dengan  keras.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinyal dari perencanaan strategis ini sangat penting. Contohnya :  penekanan pada pelayanan pelanggan untuk membangun market share mungkin akan  membatasi jumlah sales volume yang dihasilkan. Biasanya sales representative  yang mengikuti sistem insentif akan melihat bahwa pelayanan pelanggan ini  sebagai sebuah pemaksaan, mengambil alih kemungkinan adanya penjualan yang  mendatangkan uang. Hal yang tidak menguntungkan terjadi bagi para sales yang  sistem penggajiannya berdasarkan pada basis komisi pada pasar yang secara  potensial salesnya kecil. Hal ini juga akan menjadikan para sales itu rawan  untuk pindah ke kompetitor. Untuk menghindari hal ini perlu dilakukan perubahan  seperti&amp;nbsp;melakukan penggajiannya dengan base pay yang tinggi dan insentif  yang rendah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Beberapa model penggajian para sales :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;-  Gaji saja&lt;br /&gt;- Komisi saja&lt;br /&gt;- Komisi + Bonus&lt;br /&gt;- Gaji + Komisi&lt;br /&gt;- Gaji +  Bonus&lt;br /&gt;- Gaji + Komisi + Bonus&lt;br /&gt;Adapun besarnya ditentukan oleh kemampuan  perusahaan serta perhitungan-perhitungan tersendiri yang sangat  khas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Kompetitor&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam melakukan sistem penggajian  sales, organisasi harus melihat faktor eksternal (luar) karena sangatlah  penting. Karena para kompetitor kita akan merintangi jalan agar mereka yang  menjadi nomor satu. Untuk memastikan hal ini maka organisasi harus  mengidentifikasi, benchmarking kesemua hal ini dengan efektif agar para SDM kita  tidak dibajak dan kita akan kehilangan tenaga yang sangat potensial hanya karena  keteledoran kita dalam memanage SDM organisasi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Produk yang  dijual&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Produk / jasa yang dijual juga mempengaruhi pembuatan sistem  penggajian. Beberapa produk &amp;amp; jasa yang memiliki banyak hambatan dalam  memasuki pasar akan membutuhkan beberapa pelatihan/training yang dieprlukan  untuk mengefektifkan pemasaran di lapangan. Sistem penggajian model ini biasanya  meliputi gaji yang tinggi untuk meminimisasi resiko yang dihadapi dari para  sales dan menyemangati para pemula dengan berbagai program pelatihan. Berbeda  dengan itu, apabila produknya tidak memiliki kendala dalam memasuki pasar maka  kemampuan melakukan presentasi haruslah dimiliki oleh para sales. Biasanya  insentif yang tinggi akan diperoleh pada sistem ini. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Beberapa  hal yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Dapatkah sales forces anda  menginformasikan secara benar bagaimana kuota disetting ?&lt;br /&gt;- Ketika kuota  bisnis operasi anda berjalan sukses, apakah 60-70% dari sales force mencapai  kuota ?&lt;br /&gt;- Apakah high performance selalu mencapai target secara konsisten  ?&lt;br /&gt;- Apakah low performance memperlihatkan peningkatan yang terus menerus  ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Widhi Setyo Kusumo&lt;br /&gt;Associate Consultant WhiteHouse  Consulting &amp;amp; HRD Forum&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contact : widhi.sk@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Refferences :&lt;br /&gt;- The Compensation  Handbook, Lance A. Berger, Dorothy R Berger, McGraw-Hill&lt;br /&gt;- Compensation,  George T. Milkovich, Jerry M. Newman, McGraw-Hill&lt;br /&gt;- Handbook of Compensation,  Benefits &amp;amp; Total Rewards, The WorldatWork, John Willey &amp;amp;  Sons&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-4655945382136924480?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/4655945382136924480/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=4655945382136924480' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/4655945382136924480'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/4655945382136924480'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2010/03/sales-compensation-sistem-penggajian.html' title='Sales Compensation (Sistem Penggajian Sales)'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-5391441946998198768</id><published>2009-09-13T21:56:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-13T22:24:56.966+07:00</updated><title type='text'>KEP. 49/MEN/2004 - KETENTUAN STRUKTUR DAN SKALA UPAH</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;MENTERI TENAGA KERJA DAN TRANSMIGRASI  REPUBLIK INDONESIA&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;KEPUTUSAN MENTERI TENAGA KERJA DAN  TRANSMIGRASI REPUBLIK INDONESIA&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;NOMOR : KEP. 49/MEN/2004&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;TENTANG&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;KETENTUAN STRUKTUR DAN SKALA  UPAH&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;MENTERI TENAGA KERJA DAN TRANSMIGRASI  REPUBLIK INDONESIA,&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Menimbang&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  :&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;a.bahwa sebagai pelaksanaan Pasal 92 ayat (3) Undang-undang Nomor  13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan, perlu diatur ketentuan struktur dan skala  upah;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2  face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b.bahwa untuk ikut perlu ditetapkan dengan  Keputusan Menteri.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Mengingat&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  &amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp; 1.Undang-undang Nomor 80 Tahun 1957 tentang Persetujuan Konvensi  Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional Nomor 100 mengenai Pengupahan yang Sama Bagi  Buruh Laki-laki dan Wanita untuk Pekerjaan yang Sama Nilainya (Lembaran Negara  Republik Indonesia Nomor 171 Tahun 1957, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik  Indonesia Nomor 2153);&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2  face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  2.Undang-undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (Lembaran Negara  Republik Indonesia Tahun 2003 Nomor 39, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik  Indonesia Nomor 4279);&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2  face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  3.Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 228/M Tahun 2001 tentang  Pembentukan Kabinet Gotong Royong.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Memperhatikan&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp; 1.Pokok-pokok Pikiran  Sekretariat Lenbaga Kerjasama Tripartit Nasional tanggal 23 Maret  2004;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2  face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  2.Kesepakatan Rapat Pleno Lembaga Kerjasama Tripartit Nasional tanggal 23 Maret  2004;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;MEMUTUSKAN :  &lt;BR&gt;Menetapkan&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&amp;nbsp; KEPUTUSAN  MENTERI TENAGA KERJA DAN TRANSMIGRASI REPUBLIK&amp;nbsp;INDONESIA TENTANG KETENTUAN  STRUKTUR DAN SKALA UPAH.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 1 &lt;BR&gt;Dalam Keputusan Menteri ini dimaksud  dengan : &lt;BR&gt;1.Upah adalah hak pekerja/buruh yang diterima dan dinyatakan dalam  bentuk uang sebagai imbalan dari pengusaha atau pemberi kerja kepada  pekerja/buruh yang ditetapkan dan dibayarkan menurut suatu perjanjian kerja,  kesepakatan, atau peraturan perundang-undangan, termasuk tunjangan bagi  pekerja/buruh dan keluarganya atas suatu pekerjaan dan/atau jasa yang telah atau  akan dilakukan. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;2.Struktur upah adalah  susunan tingkat upah dari yang terendah sampai yang tertinggi atau dari yang  tertinggi sampai yang terendah. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;3.Skala upah  adalah kisaran nilai nominal upah untuk setiap kelompok jabatan.  &lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;4.Jabatan adalah sekumpulan pekerjaan dalam  organisasi perusahaan. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;5.Analisa jabatan  adalah proses metoda secara sistimatis untuk memperoleh data jabatan,  mengolahnya menjadi informasi jabatan yang dipergunakan untuk berbagai  kepentingan program kelembagaan, ketatalaksanaan dan Manajemen Sumber Daya  Manusia. &lt;BR&gt;6.Uraian jabatan adalah ringkasan aktivitas-aktivitas yang  terpenting dari suatu jabatan, termasuk tugas dan tanggung jawab dan tingkat  pelaksanaan jabatan tersebut; &lt;BR&gt;7.Evaluasi jabatan adalah proses menganalisis  dan menilai suatu jabatan secara sistimatik untuk mengetahui nilai relatif bobot  jabatan-jabatan dalam suatu organisasi. &lt;BR&gt;8.Pengusaha adalah :  &lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a. orang perseorangan, persekutuan atau badan hukum yang  menjalankan suatu perusahaan milik sendiri; &lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b. orang  perseorangan, persekutuan atau badan hukum yang secara berdiri sendiri  menjalankan perusahaan bukan&amp;nbsp;miliknya ; &lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; c. orang  perseorangan, persekutuan, atau badan hukum yang berada di Indonesia mewakili  perusahaan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a dan b&amp;nbsp;yang berkedudukan  diluar wilayah Indonesia. &lt;BR&gt;9.Pekerja/buruh adalah setiap orang yang bekerja  dengan menerima upah atau imbalan dalam bentuk lain.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 2&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pengusaha menyusun struktur dan skala upah dalam  penetapan upah pekerja/buruh diperusahaan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 3&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Dalam penyusunan struktur dan skala upah  sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2, dilaksanakan melalui :&lt;BR&gt;a. analisa  jabatan;&lt;BR&gt;b. uraian jabatan;&lt;BR&gt;c. evaluasi jabatan;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 4&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Dalam melakukan analisa, uraian dan evaluasi  jabatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 3 diperlukan  data/informasi&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;a. bidang usaha dari perusahaan yang  bersangkutan;&lt;BR&gt;b. tingkat teknologi yang digunakan;&lt;BR&gt;c. struktur  organisasi;&lt;BR&gt;d. manajemen perusahaan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 5&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(1) Analisa jabatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam  Pasal 3 huruf a, merumuskan jabatan-jabatan baik tenaga pelaksana, non  manajerial, maupun manajerial dalam suatu perusahaan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(2) Analisa jabatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat  (1) akan menghasilakan uraian jabatan dalam organisasi perusahaaan meliputi  :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a. identifikasi  jabatan;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b. ringkasan tugas;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; c. rincian tugas;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d. spesifikasi jabatan termasuk  didalamnya :&amp;nbsp;&lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;d.1.  pendidikan;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d.2.  pelatihan/kursus;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d.3. pengalaman  kerja;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d.4. psikologi  (bakat kerja, tempramen kerja dan minat kerja);&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d.5. masa  kerja;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; e. hasil kerja;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;f. tanggung  jawab.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 6&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(1) Evaluasi jabatan berfungsi untuk mengukur dan  menilai jabatan yang tertulis dalam uraian jabatan dengan metoda  tertentu.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(2) Faktor-faktor yang diukur dan dinilai dalam  evaluasi jabatan antara lain :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a. tanggung  jawab;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b. andil jabatan terhadap  perusahaan;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;c. resiko  jabatan;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; d. tingkat kesulitan  jabatan;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(3)Hasil evaluasi jabatan sebagaimana dimaksud  dalam ayat (2) digunakan antara lain :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a. penetapan  upah;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b. penilaian  pekerjaan;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; c. penetapan kebijakan  pengembangan sumber daya manusia perusahaan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 7&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Dasar pertimbangan penyusunan struktur upah dapat  dilakukan melalui : &lt;BR&gt;a.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Struktur  organisasi;&lt;BR&gt;b.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Rasio perbedaan bobot pekerjaan antar  jabatan;&lt;BR&gt;c.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kemampuan perusahaan;&lt;BR&gt;d.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  Upah Minimum;&lt;BR&gt;e.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kondisi Pasar.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 8&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(1) Penyusunan skala upah dapat dilakukan melalui  :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; a. skala tunggal;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; b. skala ganda.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(2) Dalam skala tunggal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam  ayat (1) huruf a, setiap jabatan pada golongan jabatan yang sama mempunyai upah  yang sama.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(3) Dalam skala ganda sebagaimana dimaksud dalam  ayat (1) huruf b, setiap golongan jabatan mempunyai nilai upah nominal terendah  dan tertinggi.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 9&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(1) Skala ganda sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 8  ayat (1) huruf b, dapat berbentuk skala ganda berurutan dan skala tumpang  tindih.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(2) Dalam hal skala ganda berurutan sebagaimana  dimaksud dalam ayat (1), upah tertinggi pada golongan jabatan dibawahnya lebih  kecil dari upah terendah pada golongan jabatan diatasnya.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 10&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(1) Petunjuk teknis penyusunan struktur dan skala  upah sebagaimana terlampir merupakan pedoman sebagai bagian yang tidak  terpisahkan dari Keputusan ini.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(2) Penyusunan struktur dan skala upah sebagaimana  dimaksud dalam ayat (1) dilakukan dengan memperhatikan golongan, jabatan, masa  kerja, pendidikan dan kompetensi dan mempertimbangkan kondisi  perusahaan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pasal 11&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Keputusan Menteri ini mulai berlaku sejak tanggal  ditetapkan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=left&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 8  April 2004&amp;nbsp;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=left&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV align=left&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;MENTERI TENAGA KERJA DAN TRANSMIGRASI  REPUBLIK INDONESIA&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;JACOB NUWA WEA&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-5391441946998198768?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/5391441946998198768/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=5391441946998198768' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/5391441946998198768'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/5391441946998198768'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/kep-49men2004-ketentuan-struktur-dan.html' title='KEP. 49/MEN/2004 - KETENTUAN STRUKTUR DAN SKALA UPAH'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-222852434280650699</id><published>2009-09-13T21:55:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-13T21:55:55.533+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Job Analysis</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=6 face="Arial Black"&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Job Analysis&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Job Analysis merupakan aktifitas yang sangat  penting dalam HR Department. Namun pada kenyataannya, banyak sekali para manager  yang kurang memahami&amp;nbsp;Job Analysis ini. Beberapa hal yang mendukung ini  adalah :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;1. Para manager wajib mengetahui seluruh detail  informasi mengenai deskripsi pekerjaan di dalam group kerja mereka untuk  mengetahui secara tepat proses aliran kerja perusahaan. Hal ini sangat  diperlukan guna mengidentifikasi tugas serta pengetahuan, keahlian dan kemampuan  yang diperlukan untuk menjalankan bisnis tersebut dengan sempurna.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;2. Para manager wajib mengetahui "job requirement"  dengan tepat untuk pemilihan kandidat yang terbaik. Kadangkala HR Department  merekruit kandidat tanpa adanya masukan dari manager yang  bersangkutan.&amp;nbsp;Juga manager seringkali melakukan rekruitment  tanpa&amp;nbsp;pengetahuan yang tepat. Hal ini akan menimbulkan pemilihan yang "like  &amp;amp; dislike" oleh para manager.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;3. Para manager bertanggung jawab untuk memastikan  bahwa setiap individu wajib berprestasi diatas rata-rata. Untuk itu para manager  wajib melakukan evaluasi rutin untuk menilai seberapa bagus mereka berprestasi  dan memberikan umpan balik kepada yang kurang berprestasi.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Para Manager wajib secara jelas mengetahui  tugas-tugas yang dibutuhkan/diperlukan&amp;nbsp;untuk seluruh  pekerjaan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Job analysis terdiri dari 2 bagian penting yaitu  :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;1. Job Description&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;2. Job&amp;nbsp;Specification&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Job Description&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Di dalam sebuah perusahaan terdapat beragam jenis  pekerjaan&amp;nbsp;yang tugasnya bervariasi di lingkup pekerjaannya. Iklan  rekruitment, salary survey dan benchmarking lainnya menggunakan deskripsi  pekerjaan untuk kegiatannya. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Deskripsi sederhana  yang sering terlihat di salary survey atau benchmarking lainnya adalah Job  Descriptor. Outline sederhana ini distandarisasikan secara global. kadang-kadang  dalam penulisannya dilakukan secara detail dan spesifik.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Fokus dari Human  Resources&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Job description digunakan secara berbeda baik oleh  karyawan maupun Human Resources Department. Seorang Human Resources Officer  menggunakan Job Description untuk beberapa kegunaan :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Menjelaskan fungsi &amp;amp; tanggung jawab dari  sebuah pekerjaan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Mekanisme rekruitment&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Training &amp;amp; Development (menetapkan &amp;amp;  memperbaharui standard)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Succession Planning / Pengembangan Organisasi  (tugas-tugas yang bisa dimasukkan ke dalam pengembangan organisasi secara  keseluruhan&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Penetapan secara legal / hukum (bergantung dari  kandidat potensial yang akan direkruit)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Penugasan Karyawan&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Untuk membenchmark dengan posisi yang sudah  tertulis di salary survey&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Fokus Karyawan&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pada saat interview, kandidat dapat meminta salinan  job description kepada interver untuk&amp;nbsp;diketahui. Sehingga kandidat dapat  melakukan membandingkan&amp;nbsp;jabatan yang ada di pasar pada waktu proses  negosiasi. Deskripsi jabatan harus jelas kepada kandidat yang berpotensi untuk  diketahui apa yang akan ditawarkan serta pada awal kerja karyawan, kandidat  harus diberikan salinan dari deskripsi pekerjaan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Deskripsi pekerjaan haruslah ditinjau ulang pada  saat performance review untuk memastikan apakah deskripsi pekerjaannya tersebut  dapat merefleksikan pekerjaan yang sekarang. Sehingga karyawan &amp;amp; atasannya  dapat saling terlibat dalam membangun tujuan dari perusahaan. Ketika akan  melakukan evaluasi ulang terhadap deskripsi pekerjaan, karyawan &amp;amp; atasan  dapat saling bekerjasama memperbaharuinya. hasil revisi ulang tersebut harus  direview oleh HR Professional untuk memastikan bahwa&amp;nbsp;revisi tersebut memang  layak untuk dipertahankan &amp;amp; dijalankan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pada prinsipnya Deskripsi Pekerjaan berisikan  uraian sederhana &amp;amp; mudah dimengerti tentang s&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=2  face=Arial&gt;ekumpulan tugas, pekerjaan &amp;amp; tanggung jawab yang diberikan secara  individual tanpa melihat siapa yang menjabat. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=2  face=Arial&gt;Jabatan ini akan tetap eksis meskipun orang yang menjalankannya sudah  tidak ada lagi. Adapun&amp;nbsp;deskripsi pekerjaan :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Job Title (jabatan)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Job Location (lokasi pekerjaan)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Subordinate / Superior (atasan &amp;amp;  bawahan)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Purpose of the Job (Mengapa pekerjaan ini harus  diadakan)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Responsibilities (Tanggung Jawab pemegang  Jabatan)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Key Performance Indicator (KPI, biasanya masuk ke  deskripsi kerja)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Job Specification&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Eksternal &amp;amp; Internal Link (hubungan keluar  &amp;amp; kedalam)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;- Manpower Law Regulation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Deskripsi pekerjaan ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk  menjadi alat untuk mengukur dan menetapkan pengembangan karir ke depannya dimana  performance management juga berjalan dengan semestinya.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pada intinya, apabila sedang melakukan analisa  terhadap sebuah deskripsi pekerjaan,&amp;nbsp;hal yang patut dipertanyakan adalah  apabila&amp;nbsp;seseorang meninggalkan pekerjaannya, apakah deskripsi pekerjaan  yang ditinggalkan itu berubah ? Jika tidak ada perubahan, maka itulah yang  seharusnya dilakukan. (Pada kenyataannya seringkali tidak demikian)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Job Specification&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Spesifikasi pekerjaan adalah sekumpulan dari  knowledge, skills, abilities dan karakteristik lainnya&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;1. Knowledge&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Informasi yang berupa pengetahuan standard,  prosedural dan aktual yang dperlukan untuk kesuksesan dalam menjalankan  tugas&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;2. Skill&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Tingkat keahlian dari setiap individu dalam  melakukan pekerjaannya&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;3. Ability&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Kemampuan &amp;amp; keinginan diri&amp;nbsp;secara general  yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaaannya&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;4. Others&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Kaakteristik lainnya yang diperlukan seperti  semangat motivasi, keteguhan diri dan soft skill lainnya.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Metode Job Analysis&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Terdapat banyak sekali macam ragam untuk menlakukan  analisa job dan tidak ada satupun metoda yang dikatakan terbaik. karena  masing-masing memiliki kekuatan dan kelemahannya sendiri.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;beberapa metode yang dikenal adalah :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;a.&amp;nbsp;Metode Position Analysis  Questionnaire (PAQ)&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Metode ini merupakan salah satu metode yang paling  sering digunakan di industri dan sering dilakukan penelitian mengenai instrumen  analisa jabatan. PAQ dikembangkan dan dibagi menjadi 6 bagian :&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;1. Information&amp;nbsp;Input&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Kapan &amp;amp; bagaimana seorang pekerja mendapatkan  informasi yang diperlukan agar dapat melakukan pekerjaannya dengan  baik&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;2. Mental Processes&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Alasan, pengambilan&amp;nbsp;keputusan  dan&amp;nbsp;perencanaan serta aktifitas proses informasi yang terlibat di dalam  pekerjaannya&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;3. Work Output&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Aktifitas fisik, tools &amp;amp; alat ukur digunakan  untuk menjalankan pekerjaan&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;4. Relationship With Other Person&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Hubungan kerjasama yang baik &amp;amp; harmonis  diperlukan dalam melaksanakan pekerjaannya&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;5. Job Context&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Aktifitas fisik &amp;amp; sosial dimana pekerjaan  dilaksanakan&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;6. Other Characteristics&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Aktifitas, kondisi dan karakteristik yang lain yang  berbeda&amp;nbsp;dari yang sudah dijabarkan dan masih relevan dengan  pekerjaan&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;b. Metode Task Analysis  Inventory&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Metode ini memfokuskan pada analisa seluruh  pekerjaan yang dijalankan. Sehingga tidaklah heran pada metode ini banyak sekali  item-item yang muncul (inventory) yang&amp;nbsp;jumlahnya mencapai ratusan. Agak  rumit memang karena banyak sekali subject pekerjaan yang dikumpulkan dalam  system ini.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;c. Metode Fleishman Job Analysis  System&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Metode ini berdasarkan pada beberapa hal kemampuan  yang memadai untuk diterjemahkan ke seluruh dimensi pekerjaan. Beberapa hal  tersebut adalah 52 Cognitive, Psychomotoric, Physical, and Sensory Abilities.  Skala metode ini terdiri atas deskripsi dari kemampuan, diikuti oleh  perbandingan tingkah laku dari beberapa tingkat level kemampuan dalam 7 tingkat  skala.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Perlulah diperhatikan untuk setiap perusahaan yang  ingin melaksanakan grading, bahwa tanpa analisa pekerjaan yang tepat, tidak akan  diperoleh struktur tingkat gaji yang baik &amp;amp; terpercaya. Karena kesalahan  pada analisa pekerjaan juga mengakibatkan penilaian strata dan kompensasi yang  diberikan menjadi tidak berguna lagi.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=1&gt;&lt;EM&gt;Widhi Setyo Kusumo &lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=Arial&gt;&lt;EM&gt;WhiteHouse Consulting&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=Arial&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=Arial&gt;&lt;EM&gt;Reff.&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=Arial&gt;&lt;EM&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;Managing Human Resources, Gomez-Mejia,  Prentice Hall&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=Arial&gt;&lt;EM&gt;2. Human Resources Management, Noe,  McGraw-Hill&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=Arial&gt;&lt;EM&gt;3. Human Resources Management, Robert L  Malthis, South Western&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=Arial&gt;&lt;EM&gt;4. Management Sumber Daya Manusia,  Dr.Ir.Tb.Sjafri Mangkuprawira&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=1&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;5. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Erisa Ojimba,  Certified Compensation  Professional&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-222852434280650699?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/222852434280650699/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=222852434280650699' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/222852434280650699'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/222852434280650699'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/job-analysis_13.html' title='Job Analysis'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-4975350485150975964</id><published>2009-09-13T21:55:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-13T21:55:47.438+07:00</updated><title type='text'>WHY DO WORKERS LEAVE?</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=3  face="Times New Roman"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;  &lt;CENTER&gt;WHY DO WORKERS LEAVE?&lt;BR&gt;by&lt;BR&gt;Bill Marvin, The Restaurant  Doctor&lt;/CENTER&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;You can certainly conduct your own surveys to find out what your staff thinks  about working for you (and if you think everything is wonderful, perhaps a  survey would be enlightening.) However, the odds are that the reasons for any  staff discontent will be found on the following list. If you want to dedicate  time and money to improve your operation, direct it toward the following  areas:&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of recognition or reward&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;The number one thing that  workers want is appreciation for the work that they do. When it is not  forthcoming or when exemplary performance is not rewarded, it takes the heart  out of conscientious workers.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of teamwork&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Super stars or individuals who are only  interested in advancing their own agenda are just as damaging to effective  teamwork as are workers with lesser skills who insist on going it alone. This  sort of selfishness will kill the initiative of team players and drive them away  because they know that exemplary guest service is a team sport.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Incompatible management style&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;When the prevailing  management style is at odds with an individual's personal style, it can be  abrasive. A laid-back person will have just as many problems with an intense,  hard-charging management style as an intense person will have with a laid-back  approach.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;On-going conflicts&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Occasional personality clashes between  people are normal, but a continuing confrontation will wear out even the most  patient person. Be suspicious of people who are regularly involved in on-the-job  upsets, regardless of whose "fault" the conflict is.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Quality of life issues&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;People are working to make a  living - they have to have some time to live! Quality-of-life issues are  becoming more important as workers realize there is more to happiness than just  money. If your staff or management cannot have time to spend with their  families, are unable to take a day off when they need it or are burning  themselves out routinely working 60+ hours a week, they will eventually find  another job.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of control&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;This is a greater irritant at lower  levels of the organization, but nobody likes to feel that they do not have any  say in how their work environment operates.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Stress&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;When workers feel overwhelmed and out of control  ("in the weeds"), the resulting stress makes productivity and responsive service  impossible. There is a practical limit to how long anyone can operate  effectively in this sort of environment.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Politics&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;In the absence of effective leadership, it is  not uncommon for an operation to fragment into cliques. When playing the  political game becomes more important than taking care of the guests, good  workers will leave.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Pay vs. effort&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;This problem arises when people feel they  are not getting paid enough for the level of work they are doing. It is an  equity issue. Confronted with this problem, workers have three options: stay on  the job and continue to harbor their resentment, reduce their output to a level  they feel is justified by the pay or seek another job.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Poor communication&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;When your staff is not "in on things"  or does not know what is happening, their level of personal security goes down,  they feel abandoned or unimportant, and they become disenchanted with the  company.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Poor recruiting&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;The saying goes that "it is hard to fly  with the eagles when you work with turkeys." If you fail to hire high quality  staff, you will discourage your better workers. Similarly, if you cannot fill  vacancies and constantly require your staff to work short-handed, the good ones  will inevitably head for the competition.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of orientation&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Workers who do not receive a thorough  orientation to your company never fully understand the game or their place in  it. Eventually they will quit out of frustration.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of training&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Failure to train your staff undermines  their personal security and delivers a message that they are not very important  to the success of your organization. If you don't care, why should they?&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Ineffective supervision&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;To be effective, workers need  direction, encouragement, feedback, and reinforcement. If supervisors allow  policies to be broken, tolerate standards being compromised or fail to act when  action is needed, they lose the respect and support of the staff.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of leadership&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Leaders provide a shared vision and  inspire their staff to accomplish things they didn't know they were capable of.  Leadership is the glue that holds the staff together. All the management skills  in the world cannot make up for lack of leadership.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Job inequities&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Poverty is relative. The person with the  least, no matter how much they have, always feels cheated. Typical job  inequities are differing treatment of comparable workers with regard to pay,  workload, or privileges.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of management understanding&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;In this case,  understanding deals with the depth of human feeling that managers bring to their  work. Managers or supervisors who don't listen, show no compassion or have no  rapport with their crew will alienate people and drive them out of the  company.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Boredom&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Workers facing the same routine day after day  will eventually be distracted by a lack of personal growth or development. This  will not bother the poor performers, but the lack of professional challenge will  push the good workers away.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of job security&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;If workers feel that their jobs are  relatively safe or that they may get "blind-sided" by a reactionary termination,  they cannot make a long term mental commitment to the company and its goals.  This causes them to become increasingly estranged and feel "out of the loop."  Productivity, guest service and retention all suffer.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;No opportunities for advancement&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Exceptional performers  need a sense of motion - a feeling that they are accomplishing something and  improving themselves. This is usually demonstrated by their earning new skills  and is reflected by their being promoted within the company when the opportunity  arises. If qualified workers are not offered the first shot at job openings or  if vacancies are routinely filled from outside the company, you will lose the  good workers.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Not enough hours&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;People have to be able to make a living.  If they cannot get enough hours to meet their expenses, they will have to take a  second job or leave. A shortage of hours is particularly irritating when  schedules reflect politics rather than performance.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of benefits&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Staff benefits, particularly health  insurance, continues to be an issue in many parts of the foodservice industry,  particularly among independent restaurants. At this writing, there is no  nationally-mandated health care coverage. For workers with families, the lack of  employer-supported health insurance can be the factor that sends them looking  for other employment.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;High turnover&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Interestingly, one of the principal causes  for hourly workers leaving is high management turnover. A major reason departing  managers give for leaving was high turnover among the staff! This is a situation  that will only get worse if allowed to continue.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of standards&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;The best workers have high professional  standards. They will not long tolerate poor sanitation practices, lack of  commitment to guest service, sloppy personal appearance, and so forth.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of respect&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;You cannot build loyalty if you talk to  your staff as though they were stupid, handle them like children or treat them  like potential criminals. If you find yourself habitually expecting the worst  from your crew, you will probably get it!&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Lack of feedback&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;You can't play to win if you don't know  the score. High achievers always want to know the goal, how they are doing and  how they can do better. If your style is to look for problems and if your  feedback to your staff is usually negative, you are part of the problem.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Sexual harassment&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Sexual harassment is determined in the  mind of the person who feels harassed. Just because you do not believe you have  sexist attitudes or policies does not mean that others will not have adverse  reactions to your choice of words, gestures, jokes, uniforms, and so forth.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Racism&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;This is another type of unequal treatment.  Understand that many minorities are often extremely sensitive to behavior and  attitudes that seem to them to be racially influenced. Whether or not their  interpretation is accurate from your perspective, you must be sensitive to the  fact that racism, like sexual harassment, is determined in the mind of the  person who feels discriminated against.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Personal reasons&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Several reasons for leaving are, in  fact, personal. It is not unusual for people to move out of the area, decide to  change careers, graduate from school, retire or decide to devote more time to  their families. Be warned, however, that "personal reasons" can be a catch-all  category that departing staff may cite to avoid a confrontation with management  when their real reason for leaving comes under one of the previous categories  discussed.&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;(Excerpted from "From Turnover to Teamwork" by Bill Marvin, The Restaurant  Doctor. Published by John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Inc.,  1994&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-4975350485150975964?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/4975350485150975964/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=4975350485150975964' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/4975350485150975964'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/4975350485150975964'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/why-do-workers-leave.html' title='WHY DO WORKERS LEAVE?'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-7391117525487864799</id><published>2009-09-13T21:54:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-05T23:00:58.362+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pay Structures / Salary Structures</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Dalam sebuah organisasi/perusahaan, diperlukan&amp;nbsp;Struktur Gaji karena  beberapa faktor :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;- Ethics, konsisten &amp;amp; adil, dimana perlu dite&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;tapkan&amp;nbsp;kerangka yang bisa dibentuk&amp;nbsp;secara logika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;- &lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;Pay for Position &amp;amp; Pay for  Person&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;- Dasar untuk managemen yang  efektif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;- Pengawasan, membantu untuk memonitor  dan&amp;nbsp;mengontrol implementasinya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;- Komunikasi, membantu karyawan untuk mengetahui  kesempatan yang tersedia dan memungkinkan untuk dicapai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;Dalam menentukan struktur gaji, perusahaan akan memperhatikan beberapa hal  :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;Struktur gaji dibentuk dari&amp;nbsp;tingkat pekerjaan, kelompok  kerja&amp;nbsp;yang berbeda-beda dengan mengacu pada :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;- Nilai-nilai internal yang dibentuk dari penilaian pekerjaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;- Nilai-nilai eksternal melalui survey harga pasar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;- Berlaku umum, normatif, dan&amp;nbsp;perundingan&amp;nbsp;untuk pekerjaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;Struktur gaji memiliki beberapa ciri :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;- Tingkat upah yang berbeda-beda untuk setiap pekerjaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;- Tersedianya ruang lingkup&amp;nbsp;Pay Progression melalui Kinerja,  Kompetensi, Kontribusi, Keahlian&amp;nbsp;atau Jasa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;- Adanya&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;cakupan upah untuk sekumpulan pekerjaan dan  dikelompokkan menjadi tingkatan-tingkatan (grade), individual job atau job  families&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: MS Sans Serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Grade Structure&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Merupakan sebuah urut-urutan / deret yang berinterval&amp;nbsp;dimana  kedalamnya diintegrasikan sebuah pekerjaan. Setiap tingkatan mempunyai interval  yang sudah ditentukan dan pada umumnya 20-50% diatas minimum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;img align="baseline" alt="" border="0" height="308" hspace="0" src="cid:95229F15F6894ABE9081712B55F5AFA7@whc09420cd59d7" style="height: 308px; width: 459px;" width="419" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Broadbanding&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Serupa dengan Grade Structure, namun memiliki&amp;nbsp;kisaran yang lebih luas  dibaningkan dengan yang konvensional. Range maksimum dari group ini dapat  mencapai 100% hingga lebih.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;img align="baseline" alt="" border="0" height="359" hspace="0" src="cid:856D41994C5749F1BB3892AC1DF86BE3@whc09420cd59d7" style="height: 334px; width: 461px;" width="582" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Job Family Structure&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Didalam sebuah pekerjaan yang sifatnya sama memiliki perbedaan struktur  tingkatan. Pekerjaan-pekerjaan tersebut&amp;nbsp;dialokasikan ke dalam sebuah  kumpulan pekerjaan yang berdasarkan aktivitas yang dilakukan, keahlian dan  kompetensi seperti pekerjaan IT yang merupakan contoh sempurna untuk job family  yang biasanya terdapat pemisahan struktur tingkatan. Banyak sekali type-type  struktur gaji dan penggajian seperti pay spines, benefit structures, spot rates,  fixed rate, time rate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pay Range&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Setiap tingkat/band pekerjaan&amp;nbsp;memiliki upah yang memiliki range  &amp;amp;&amp;nbsp;interval dengan minimum &amp;amp; maksimum. Biasanya mengikuti sandard  pasar. Rata-rata upah untuk sebuah pekerjaan di pasar industri dikonversikan  menjadi Titik Tengah (Mid Point) ata dijadikan range yang maksimum dan  bergantung pada Metode Progression Pay yang digunakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;img align="baseline" alt="" border="0" height="278" hspace="0" src="cid:474B4859B2AE4848BCB3896E089E5431@whc09420cd59d7" width="441" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Dapatlah dilihat bahwa pada setiap posisi &amp;amp; sekumpulan gaji di dalam  skala itu disebut dengan prosentase. Umumnya hal ini disebut  dengan&amp;nbsp;Perbandingan Komparatif / "Compa Ratio". konsep ini sudah digunakan  secara luas di Manajemen Penggajian. Gaji dinyatakan sebagai persentase dari  Reference Point / Titik Acuan. Oleh karena itu ketika akan menghitung sebuah  posisi atau rata-rata untuk beberapa pekerjaan, maka akan terlihat seberapa jauh  kita membayar sebuah pekerjaan terhadap karyawan / kandidat tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pay Progression&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Biasanya angka 100 % itu digunakan sebagai Titik Acuan atau harga pasar  rata-rata dari pekerjaan tersebut. Contohnya untuk kandidat yang memiliki  kompetensi secara baik untuk seluruh aspek kerja diberikan upah sesuai dengan  100% Reference Point.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Secara umum, ada 2 kategori untuk melaksanakan hal ini :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Fixed Incremental System&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Pada sistim ini selalu ada kenaikan tahunan dengan beberapa elemen untuk  Performance Appraisal. Sehingga apabila karyawan memiliki performance baik akan  mendapatkan kenaikan yang baik pula begitu juga dengan sebaliknya. Ketika  seseorang mendapatkan 67% Compa Ratio jika tanpa memiliki pengalaman dan baru  dalam pekerjaannya. Seseorang yang sudah memiliki pengalaman dapat diberlakukan  seperti karyawan yang sudah ada dan sesuai dengan pengalaman &amp;amp; keahliannya.  Juga apabila kandidat tersebut sudah memiliki kompetensinya dengan sempurna,  dapat diberlakukan max rate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Type Advance&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Pada prinsipnya sama seperti sebelumnya, namun ada penambahan kategori  yaitu kandidat/karyawan memulai gaji pada level diatas 100% dari Titik Acuan  misalnya 130% dari Point Factor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Range perbedaan ini disebabkan oleh adanya kompetensi yang melebihi dari  biasanya serta adanya penambahan tanggung jawab, projek dan coaching karyawan.  Be&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;berapa Perusahaan ada yang&amp;nbsp;melakukan peninjauan ulang gaji  setiap tahunnya dan ada yang melakuannya secara 6 bulanan atau peninjauan  setelah perekruitan dan promosi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;img align="baseline" alt="" border="0" height="234" hspace="0" src="cid:F2EF2CA1DBC24A78A89175E2C59F6E1C@whc09420cd59d7" style="height: 251px; width: 438px;" width="422" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Widhi Setyo Kusumo &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;WhiteHouse  Consulting&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ref.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;Managing Human Resources,  Gomez-Mejia, Prentice Hall&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Human Resources Management, Noe,  McGraw-Hill&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Human Resources Management, Robert L  Malthis, South Western&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Management Sumber Daya Manusia,  Dr.Ir.Tb.Sjafri Mangkuprawira&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;5. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Erisa  Ojimba, Certified Compensation  Professional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-7391117525487864799?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/7391117525487864799/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=7391117525487864799' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/7391117525487864799'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/7391117525487864799'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/pay-structures-salary-structures.html' title='Pay Structures / Salary Structures'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-5923642334633338130</id><published>2009-09-06T23:33:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-06T23:33:57.870+07:00</updated><title type='text'>JOB ANALYSIS</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV&gt; &lt;DIV id=post-body&gt; &lt;DIV class=KonaBody&gt; &lt;H2&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT face="Arial Narrow"&gt;JOB ANALYSIS&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/H2&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;STRONG&gt;Abstract&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;This job analysis  article defines what job analysis is, explains the importance of job analysis in  Human Resource Management, analyzes different methods of job analysis, details  how to perform job analysis, and explains how to write job  descriptions.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;INTRODUCTION TO JOB  ANALYSIS&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Definition&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;A study of a specific job, or of all jobs, in an  enterprise with respect to operations involved, working conditions, and  qualifications required, etc.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;Organizations exist to accomplish some goal or  objective. They are collectivities rather than individuals because achieving the  goals requires the efforts (work) of a number of people (workers). The point at  which the work and the worker come together is called a job  it is the role  played by the worker. We need to know a lot of information about these  roles/jobs, including:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;What does or should the person do? &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;What knowledge, skill, and abilities does it take    to perform this job? &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;What is the result of the person performing the    job? &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;How does this job fit in with other jobs in the    organization? &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;What is the job's contribution toward the    organization's goals? &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Information about jobs is obtained through a process  called job analysis.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The goal of this process is to secure all necessary  job data. Job evaluation represents the major use of job analysis. It is also  our focus in this article. Because the job information needed for various uses  may differ, some organizations make a specialized study for each specific use.  .&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;HISTORY OF JOB  ANALYSIS&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Job analysis as a management technique was developed  around 1900. It became one of the tools by which managers understood and  directed organizations. Frederick W. Taylor, through his interest in improving  the efficiency of work, made studying the job one of his principles of  scientific management. From his ideas emerged time and motion study of jobs.  Early organization theorists were interested in how jobs fit into organizations;  they focused on the purpose of the job. But this early interest in job analysis  disappeared as the human relations movement focused on other issues. It was not  until the 1960s that psychologists and other behavioral scientists rediscovered  jobs as a focus of study in organizations.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;The organization with the greatest long-term  interest in job analysis has been the United States Department of Labor (DOL).  The United States Employment Service (USES) of the DOL's Training and Employment  Administration has developed job analysis procedures and instruments over many  years. These procedures probably represent the strongest single influence on job  analysis practice in the United States. The DOL's Guide for Analyzing Jobs and  Handbook for Analyzing Jobs show the development of job analysis procedures over  almost 50 years. They developed and published The Dictionary of Occupational  Titles (DOT) , and they have a policy of helping private employers install job  analysis programs. The DOL has led in the development of what is often called  the conventional approach to job analysis.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The U.S. Department of Labor last fully updated its  Dictionary of Occupational Titles in 1977, with 12,741 positions described (a  minor update was released in 1991). No further government releases are planned  as O*NET and its SOC codes have replaced the "DOT" in its entirety. ERI has  updated the abandoned U.S. DOT. New job descriptions have evolved from ERI's  analysis of thousands of salary surveys. Job analysis work fields, skills,  MSPMS, and worker-specific occupational characteristics, including new stress  measures, are added, updated, and/or enhanced for 14,000 position descriptions  and 95,000 occupation titles.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Up to this point, job analysis had focused on the  work being done. This changed in the 1970s as psychologists became interested in  job analysis. Their contribution was in three areas. The first was in  quantifying job analysis. They began to develop questionnaires to collect data  on jobs. Second, they contributed to the trend toward a worker orientation to  job analysis. Third, they focused in some cases on units smaller than the job,  the task, or elements within jobs.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;APPROACHES TO  ANALYZING JOBS&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;There is no one way to study jobs. Many models of job  analysis now exist, each focusing on some particular use for job analysis. The  process may seek to obtain information about the:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;work &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;worker &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;context within which the job exists  &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Further, the approach may be either inductive or  deductive. In an inductive approach, information about a job is collected first  and then organized into a framework to create a description of a job. In a  deductive approach, a model of the information is developed and the collection  of data focuses upon this model.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The job analysis formula first outlined by the DOL in  1946 is a simplified but complete model of obtaining information on work  activities. The formula consists of (1) what the worker does, (2) how he or she  does it, (3) why he or she does it, and (4) the skill involved in doing it. In  fact, providing the what, how, and why of each task and the total job should  constitute a functional description of work activities for compensation  purposes.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Five Types of  Job Descriptors&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;OL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Worker Functions.&lt;/STRONG&gt; The    relationship of the worker to data, people, and things. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Work Fields. &lt;/STRONG&gt;The techniques    used to complete the tasks of the job. Over 100 such fields have been    identified. This descriptor also includes the machines, tools, equipment, and    work aids that are used in the job. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Materials, Products, Subject Matter,    and/or Services. &lt;/STRONG&gt;The outcomes of the job or the purpose of performing    the job. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Worker Traits.&lt;/STRONG&gt; The    aptitudes, educational and vocational training, and personal traits required    of the worker. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Physical Demands. &lt;/STRONG&gt;Job    requirements such as strength, observation, and talking. This descriptor also    includes the physical environment of the work.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/OL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Dimensions of job  analysis&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;There are a multitude of job analysis methods. These  methods differ on a number of dimensions. We will examine:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The level of analysis &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The information to be collected &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Methods of collecting information &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Sources of information &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Level of Analysis&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;By calling the concept we're discussing job analysis,  we imply that the unit of analysis is the job. Actually, the level or unit of  analysis represents a decision that is worthy of discussion.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The lowest level is employee attributes  the  knowledge, skills, and abilities required by the job. Some of the models  discussed in the previous section suggested this level of descriptor.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;One level up is the element. An element is often  considered the smallest division of work activity apart from separate motions,  although it may be used to describe singular motions. As such, it is the unit of  analysis for time and motion study, and is used primarily by industrial  engineers.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The next level is the task, a discrete unit of work  performed by an individual. A task is a more independent unit of analysis. It  consists of a sequence of activities that completes a work  assignment.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;When sufficient tasks accumulate to justify the  employment of a worker, a position exists. There are as many positions as  employees in an organization.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;A job is a group of positions that are identical in  their major or significant tasks. The positions are sufficiently alike, in other  words, to justify being covered by a single analysis and description. One or  many persons may be employed on the same job.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Jobs found in more than one organization are termed  occupations.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Finally, occupations grouped by function are usually  referred to as job families.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Obviously, the level or unit of analysis chosen may  influence the decision of whether the work is similar or dissimilar. By law (the  Equal Pay Act of 1963) if jobs are similar, both sexes must be paid equally; if  jobs are different, pay differences may exist.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;As suggested in the previous section, the unit of  analysis used differs among organizations. Although the procedure is called job  analysis, organizations using it may collect data at several levels of analysis.  Research has shown that jobs can be similar or dissimilar at different levels of  analysis. The more detailed the analysis, the more likely that differences will  be found.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Information to Be  Collected&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Since the job is the connection between the  organization and the employee, it may be useful to develop a model based on this  common connection. We can say that both the organization and the employee  contribute to the job and expect to receive something from it. In order for  these results to come about, something has to happen inside the job. This dual  systems-exchange model is illustrated in the system exchange model of job  analysis.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The vertical dimension of the model is the person-job  relationship. The person brings his or her knowledge, skills, abilities, and  effort to the job (cell 1). These are used in activities, which are divided into  physical, mental, and interactional types (cell 3). For the person, the results  are the rewards and satisfaction received from working on the job (cell 5).  These rewards can be both intrinsic and extrinsic. Extrinsic rewards are the  basic subject of this book.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The horizontal dimension of the model is the  organization-job relationship. The organization brings to the job resources  needed to perform the job and ways to do the job that coordinate with  organizational needs; the latter are perceived as constraints (cell 2). These  resources and constraints determine the way the job activities (cell 3) are  carried out. The organizational results are some product created or service  performed by the employee; these outcomes are in the form of a change in data,  people, and/or objects (cell 4). These results can be defined in terms of  quantity, quality, and time.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Responsibilities and duties.  &lt;/STRONG&gt;We should not leave this section without a word about two commonly used  terms: responsibilities and duties. While job descriptions are often organized  around these concepts, we feel that they are not useful terms in identifying job  content. Both terms move the analyst away from thinking about what is done and  how. When done well, descriptions of duties and responsibilities describe why  work is done adequately (cell 4). But few of these descriptions do this well.  This leaves the job incumbent with some vague statement about why he or she is  doing something, but little knowledge of what it is or how to do it (cell 3).  This makes it difficult to determine performance levels. And the job evaluator  has a collection of words that provides little help in determining the relative  worth of jobs in the organization. Adjectives then become the main determinant  of job level. It is this kind of job description that has lead many personnel  directors to decry the futility of job analysis and job  descriptions.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Methods and Sources of Job  Information&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Probably the most common picture that comes to mind  when one thinks about collecting job information is that of an analyst  interviewing a job incumbent. This is indeed a common way in which job  information is collected, but it is far from the only way. The best interviews  are those for which the analyst has prepared by examining organization data, as  well as any past descriptions of the job. A related technique would be to  observe the job incumbent performing the job. This technique is most successful  for jobs that are physical in nature. The interview or observation may be  totally inductive, one in which the analyst has no preconceived idea about the  job, to a very structured situation in which the analyst has a clear pro-forma  as to the information sought.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;While these one-on-one techniques may be the most  common, it is not the only way for an analyst to obtain information directly  from others. Of increasing popularity are group-based techniques. Such groups  may consist of any of the following:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Knowledgeable incumbents &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Supervisors &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Technical experts such as industrial engineers or    organization analysts &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Others that deal with the incumbents of the job    &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Any combination of these groups may be used, for  instance, in a manner similar to a 360-degree performance appraisal.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The advantage of using groups is to collect a large  amount of information rapidly, as well as to provide help in integrating the  information. However, using groups can be costly, and getting the group together  may be difficult.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;A more typically structured technique is that of a  questionnaire. This may be used by the job analyst in an interview, but it is  more typically completed by the incumbent without such aid. Preparation of a  questionnaire takes both time and skill of individuals knowledgeable of both the  jobs and questionnaire preparation. Questionnaires may be of a paper and pencil  variety, but recently are more likely to be a computer-based program.  Computer-based questionnaires may be either designed specifically for the  organization, or a more general one used to collect information from a large  number of people working in many different organizations.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Lastly, the organization has a variety of information  that is useful for gathering information about specific jobs, particularly the  job context. These may be:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Policies and procedures manuals &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Other records such as performance appraisals, old    job descriptions, correspondence regarding the job, and information about work    output &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Literature regarding the job, both from within the    organization and outside the organization &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Where equipment plays a large part of the job, the    design specifications &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;JOB ANALYSIS METHODS&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;There is a plethora of job analysis methods, and it  would be fruitless to try and discuss all of them. In this section we will  review some of the more popular approaches to job analysis, as well as those  that represent a particular approach.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;It will be seen that these job analysis methods  differ in descriptors, levels of analysis, and methods of collecting, analyzing,  and presenting data. We will evaluate these approaches in terms of purpose,  descriptor applicability, cost, reliability, and validity.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Conventional  Procedures&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Conventional job analysis programs typically involve  collecting job information by observing and/or interviewing job incumbents. Job  descriptions are then prepared in essay form. Much of the conventional approach  comes from the long experience of the United States Employment Service in  analyzing jobs. As mentioned previously, the original job analysis formula of  the DOL provided for obtaining work activities. The DOL's 1972 revision of this  schedule requires the job title, job summary, and description of tasks (these  were referred to as work performed in the 1946 formula), as well as other  data.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Conventional job analysis treats work activities as  the primary job descriptor. As a consequence, the use of the conventional  approach by private organizations focuses largely on work activities rather than  on the five types of descriptors used in the DOL job analysis  schedule.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Because job evaluation purports to distinguish jobs  on the importance of work activities to the employing organization, this  descriptor seems primary. In fact, using the DOL's original job analysis formula  (what the worker does, how the worker does it, and why the worker does it) may  provide reasonable assurance that all the work activities are covered. One of  the functions of this model is to require the analyst to seek out the purpose of  the work.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;In some private use of the conventional approach,  worker attributes required by the job are also sought. Ratings of education,  training, and experience required may be obtained, as well as information on  contacts required, report writing, decisions, and supervision. In part, these  categories represent worker attributes, and in part they represent a search for  specific work activities.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Some conventional job analysis programs ask job  incumbents to complete a preliminary questionnaire describing their jobs. The  purpose is to provide the analyst with a first draft of the necessary job  information. It is also meant to be a first step in obtaining incumbent and  supervisor approval of the final job description. Of course, not all employees  enjoy filling out questionnaires. Also, employees vary in verbal skills and may  overstate or understate their work activities. Usually, the job analyst follows  the questionnaire by interviewing the employee and observing his or her  job.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Reliability and validity.&lt;/STRONG&gt;  Conventional job analysis is subjective. It depends on the objectivity and  analytical ability of the analyst, as well as the information provided by job  incumbents and other informants. Measuring reliability (consistency) and  validity is difficult because the data is non-quantitative. Having two or more  individuals analyze the job independently would provide some measure of  reliability, but would also add to the cost. Perhaps the strongest contributor  to both reliability and validity is the common practice of securing acceptance  from both job incumbents and supervisors before job descriptions are considered  final. These procedures develop a content validity for job  descriptions.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Costs&lt;/STRONG&gt;. Conventional job  analysis takes the time of the analyst, job incumbents, and those assigned to  ensure consistent analysis and form. In the author's experience, people with  moderate analytical skills can be taught to analyze jobs on the basis of the job  analysis formula (what, how, why) in a few hours.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;An early survey found some dissatisfaction with  conventional job analysis, especially with its costs and the difficulty of  keeping the information current. McCormick's review of job analysis, while  concluding that the continued use of conventional methods testifies that they  serve some purposes well, suggests more attention to a comprehensive model and  more quantification.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;As suggested earlier in the article, work activities  represent the primary descriptor in job analysis for job evaluation purposes.  However, these data take considerable effort to obtain and are of questionable  reliability. It would be desirable to develop a standardized quantitative  approach that retains the advantages of conventional job analysis, while  permitting a less costly and time-consuming approach.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Position Analysis  Questionnaire&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The best-known quantitative approach to job analysis  is probably the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ), developed by McCormick  and associates at Purdue University. The PAQ is a structured job analysis  questionnaire containing 194 items called job elements. These elements are  worker-oriented. Using the terminology of the DOL's 1972 job analysis formula,  they would be classified as worker behaviors. The items are organized into six  divisions:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(1)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; information input&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(2) mental processes&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(3) work output (physical activities and  tools)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(4) relationships with others&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(5) job context (the physical and social  environment)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(6) other job characteristics (such as pace and  structure)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Each job element is rated on six scales: extent of  use, importance, time, possibility of occurrence, applicability, and a special  code for certain jobs.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Job analysts or supervisors usually complete the PAQ.  In some instances managerial, professional, or other white-collar job incumbents  fill out the instrument. The reason for such limitations is that the reading  requirements of the method are at least at the college-graduate level. Training  in the use of the PAQ is available Data from the PAQ can be analyzed in several  ways. For a specific job, individual ratings can be averaged to yield the  relative importance of and emphasis on various job elements, and the results can  be summarized as a job description. The elements can also be clustered into a  profile rating on a large number of job dimensions to permit comparison of this  job with others. Estimates of employee aptitude requirements can be made. Job  evaluation points can be estimated from the items related to pay. Finally, an  occupational prestige score can be computed. Analysts can enter collected data  online in PAQ'sEnter-act system, or (for a fee) they can send it to PAQ  Services, Inc., for entry.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Reliability and Validity. &lt;/STRONG&gt;The  PAQ has been shown to have a respectable level of reliability. An analysis of 92  jobs by two independent groups yielded a reliability coefficient of  0.79.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Functional Job  Analysis&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Functional Job Analysis (FJA) is usually thought of  in terms of the familiar "data, people, things" hierarchies used in the  Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Developed by Sidney A. Fine Associates, this  comprehensive approach has five components:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(1)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; identification of purposes, goals,  and objectives&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(2) identification and description of  tasks&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(3) analysis of tasks on seven scales, including  three worker-function scales (one each for data, people, and things)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(4) development of performance standards&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(5) development of training content&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Trained job analysts develop FJA data from background  materials, interviews with workers and supervisors, and observation. The method  provides data for job design, selection, training, and evaluation, and could be  used at least partially for most other personnel applications. It has been  applied to jobs at every level.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The major descriptor in FJA is work activity. Fine  and his colleagues have developed a number of task banks as a means of  standardizing information on this descriptor. FJA is rigorous, but it does  require a heavy investment of time and effort.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;JOB  DESCRIPTIONS&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Regardless of who collects job information and how  they do it, the end product of job analysis is a standardized job description. A  job description describes the job as it is being performed. In a sense, a job  description is a snapshot of the job as of the time it was analyzed. Ideally  they are written so that any reader, whether familiar with the job or not, can  "see" what the worker does, how, and why. What the worker does describes the  physical, mental, and interactional activities of the job. How deals with the  methods, procedures, tools, and information sources used to carry out the tasks.  Why refers to the objective of the work activities; this should be included in  the job summary and in each task description.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;An excellent set of prescriptions of writing style  for job descriptions is offered by the Handbook for Analyzing Jobs.19 These  include a terse, direct style; present tense; an active verb beginning each task  description and the summary statement; an objective for each task; and no  unnecessary or fuzzy words. The handbook also suggests how the basic task  statement should be structured: (1) present-tense active verb, (2) immediate  object of the verb, and (3) infinitive phrase showing the objective. An example  would be: (1) collects, (2) credit information, (3) to determine credit  rating.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Unfortunately, many words have more than one meaning.  Perhaps the easiest way to promote accurate job-description writing is to select  only active verbs that permit the reader to see someone actually doing  something.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;JOB ANALYSIS: DEAD OR  ALIVE?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;This article started by stating that job analysis is  the first step in most Human Resource activities and, in particular, in wage  setting. Despite this, the future of job analysis is in doubt. Many would claim  that job analysis is an outdated activity that the times have made obsolete. It  is seen as a symbol of the out-of-date bureaucratic organization that is being  supplanted with smaller, more nimble forms of organization. The reasons for this  concern are many:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Jobs are changing in a way that makes them more    fluid and flexible. Workers are required to do "what needs to be done," and    not "what is in the job description."&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Job descriptions are becoming more generic, and    more like occupational descriptions than job descriptions.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Job descriptions are broad so as to accommodate    the growth of the individual on the job without requiring a whole series of    promotions. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Automation impacts job descriptions in that the    function of the worker is changing to more mental or non-observational    activities.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The computer is impacting job analysis by creating    new ways to collect data, and allows for a higher level of analysis than in    the past.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;There is a greater concern with the personal    aspects of job analysis (such as personality traits required for success or    competencies and interpersonal relations ) than the traditional work-related    topics.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Teams are becoming more important in getting work    done. These teams require members to do a range of activities in the team that    are broader than that typically contained in a job description.  &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Interestingly, much of the discussion about the  demise of job analysis is really about the demise of the job analyst. The  position of job analyst is being incorporated into the role of the people who  need to use information about jobs in order to accomplish their work. One sign  of this is the use of new terms to cover the task of analyzing jobs, including  work analysis, work modeling, and competency modeling.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;SOURCES&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;1 Brannick, M.T. and Levine, E.L., Job Analysis:  Methods, Research and Applications for Human Resource Management in the New  Millennium, Thousand Oaks, CA., Sage Publishers, 2002.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;2. Fine, S.A. and Cronshaw, S.F. Functional Job  Analysis: A Foundation for Human Resource Management, Mahwah, N.J. Lawrence  Erlbaum, Publishers, 1999.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;3. McCormick, E.J., Jeanneret, P.R. and Mecham, R.C.  Position Analysis Questionnaire, Bellingham, WA. PAQ Services, 1989.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;4. H. Risher, "Job Analysis: A Management  Perspective," Employee Relations Law Journal, Spring 1979, pp.  535-51.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;5. K. Perlman, "Job Families: A Review and Discussion  of Their Implications for Personnel Selection," Psychological Bulletin (1980),  1-28.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;6. E. J. Cornelius 111, T. J. Carron, and M. N.  Collins, "Job Analysis Models and Job Classification," Personnel Psychology  (1979), 693-708.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;7. Hartley, D.E., "Job Analysis at the Speed of  Reality," Training and Development, September 2004, pp. 20-22.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;8. Brannick &amp;amp; Levine, Op Cit.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;9. &amp;nbsp;Peterson, N.G., Jeanneret, P.R., Mumford,  M.D. &amp;amp; Borman, W.C. Occupational Information System for the 21st Century,  1999.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;10. &amp;nbsp;Lucia, A.D. &amp;amp; Lepsinger, R. The Art and  Science of Competency Models: Pinpointing Success Factors in Organizations, San  Francisco, Jossey Bass/Pfeiffer, 1999.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;11. "The Future of Salary Administration"  Compensation and Benefits Review, July/August, 2001, p.10.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(ArticlesBase ID #999561)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV  style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 0pt"&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2  face=Arial&gt;http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/job-analysis-999561.html&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-5923642334633338130?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/5923642334633338130/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=5923642334633338130' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/5923642334633338130'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/5923642334633338130'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/job-analysis.html' title='JOB ANALYSIS'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-6350844133055559212</id><published>2009-09-06T23:27:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-06T23:28:08.057+07:00</updated><title type='text'>HR Practices: Job Evaluation</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV&gt; &lt;H1&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face="Arial Narrow"&gt;HR Practices: Job Evaluation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/H1&gt; &lt;DIV&gt; &lt;DIV id=post-body&gt; &lt;DIV class=KonaBody&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Job analysis and evaluation (JAE) is the process of  creating a structure that establishes the worth of each job to the organization  and typically is based on the jobs content (such as the skills needed, job  duties, and working conditions) or its external market value and not on the  abilities of the individual performing the job. The Job evaluation process was  started with the intention of providing Role Clarity to all the employees. Job  titles can often be misleading - either unclear or unspecific - and in large  organizations it's impossible for those in HR to know each job in detail. This  is where JAE helps to understand the each role.&lt;BR&gt;It is essential to have  clear, detailed and up-to-date job descriptions on which to base the job  evaluation. The JAE data can be meaningfully used for the following  processes:&lt;BR&gt;* Recruitment and Induction&lt;BR&gt;* Determining pay and grading  structures&lt;BR&gt;* Ensuring a fair and equal pay system&lt;BR&gt;* Deciding on benefits  provision - for example, bonuses and cars&lt;BR&gt;* Comparing rates against the  external market&lt;BR&gt;* Undergoing organizational development in times of  change&lt;BR&gt;* Undertaking career management and succession planning&lt;BR&gt;* Reviewing  all jobs post-large-scale change, especially if roles have also  changed.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Jobs are basically measured against 3 major factors:&lt;BR&gt;Know How  (KH) - Inputs&lt;BR&gt;Problem Solving (PS) - Processing&lt;BR&gt;Accountability (A)   Outputs&lt;BR&gt;I have tried to compile the characteristics that are measured in JAE,  by no means it represent exhaustive list:&lt;BR&gt;Knowledge and skills&lt;BR&gt;* work  experience&lt;BR&gt;* qualifications&lt;BR&gt;* external qualifications&lt;BR&gt;* specialist  training&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;People management&lt;BR&gt;* human relations skills&lt;BR&gt;* ability to  deal with work pressure&lt;BR&gt;* supervisory responsibility&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Communication and  networking&lt;BR&gt;* social skills&lt;BR&gt;* presentation skills&lt;BR&gt;*  diplomacy&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Freedom to act&lt;BR&gt;* depth of control&lt;BR&gt;* supervision  received&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Decision-making&lt;BR&gt;* judgment&lt;BR&gt;* initiative&lt;BR&gt;* analytical  ability&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Working environment&lt;BR&gt;* knowledge of special working  practices&lt;BR&gt;* breadth of management skill required&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Impact and  influence&lt;BR&gt;* efficiency&lt;BR&gt;* impact on customers&lt;BR&gt;* responsibility&lt;BR&gt;*  results of errors&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Financial responsibility&lt;BR&gt;* budgeting&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;There  are some principles of Job evaluation are:&lt;BR&gt;a. Job evaluation is an ongoing  process.&lt;BR&gt;b. Job evaluation is an evaluation of the role, not the person doing  it.&lt;BR&gt;c. A job evaluation scheme should be a fair system, understood by and  communicated to employees.&lt;BR&gt;d. It should be transparent, and reviewed  regularly to ensure business needs continue to be met. The type of scheme chosen  will depend on the organisation needs. But any staff making decisions on job  roles will need training in the chosen system.&lt;BR&gt;e. Evaluation is based on Job  content which means job that has to be achieved.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Evaluation requirements  are met by:&lt;BR&gt;a. Job Understanding by means of job description&lt;BR&gt;b. Judgments:  JAE is concerned with making judgments in order to maximize the  objectivity&lt;BR&gt;c. Criteria for assessing job content: Number of criteria are  required. The two most common criteria of job evaluation are: whole job ranking,  where jobs are taken as a whole and ranked against each other; and awarding  points for various aspects of the job. In the points system various aspects or  parts of the job such as education and experience required to perform the job  are assessed and a points value awarded - the higher the educational  requirements of the job the higher the points scored.&lt;BR&gt;d. A common scale of  measurement is required against which to make judgments.&lt;BR&gt;e. Cross-checks are  required to ensure that the judgments are sound.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Involving employees in  the job evaluation process can increase their commitment and further engagement  with the organisation, but they must remain impartial at all times in the  process.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;!--INFOLINKS_OFF--&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV  style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 0pt"&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2 face=Arial&gt;(ArticlesBase ID #970698)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=clearer&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=author-bio&gt; &lt;DIV class=image&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG class=author-img  alt="Swapnil Saurav"  src="http://images.articlesbase.com/authors/164281_jbwww1hv.jpg"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=text&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Swapnil Saurav&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Swapnil Saurav&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2  face=Arial&gt;Swapnil Saurav Email: swapnil.saurav@gmail.com  http://www.linkedin.com/in/swapnilsaurav I blog at:  http://swapnilhere.blogspot.com/&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=text&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;A  href="http://www.articlesbase.com/self-publishing-articles/hr-practices-job-evaluation-970698.html"&gt;http://www.articlesbase.com/self-publishing-articles/hr-practices-job-evaluation-970698.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-6350844133055559212?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/6350844133055559212/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=6350844133055559212' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/6350844133055559212'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/6350844133055559212'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/hr-practices-job-evaluation.html' title='HR Practices: Job Evaluation'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-7117335041402282356</id><published>2009-09-06T23:18:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-06T23:28:02.113+07:00</updated><title type='text'>A New Approach to Expatriate Compensation in 2009</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV&gt; &lt;H1&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face="Arial Narrow"&gt;A New Approach to Expatriate Compensation  in 2009&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/H1&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The challenges of ensuring expatriates are paid  fair salaries across different countries, in the current economic climate, of  the credit crisis together with rapid currency and inflation fluctuations are  increasingly complex.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt; &lt;DIV id=post-body&gt; &lt;DIV class=KonaBody&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The current economic climate has made it necessary to  constantly review expatriate salaries.&amp;nbsp; Rapidly fluctuating exchange rates  and inflation can increase or decrease the amount of salary paid, and  significantly impact purchasing power both positively and negatively in a very  short period of time.&amp;nbsp; The approach many organizations have taken is to  convert a spendable percentage (typically 60%) of the expatriate's salary into  the host country currency on a monthly basis and to provide non-cash benefits  such as accommodation, transport, education of children etc.&amp;nbsp; This can  result in employers paying too much or too little salary in these volatile  times.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Too Much&lt;/STRONG&gt;: The expatriate  experiences short-term upside, as a result of a change in the exchange  rate.&amp;nbsp; A fall in the value of the host country currency against the home  country currency, without an increase in the prices of goods and services in the  host country, results in the expatriate having increased purchasing power.&amp;nbsp;  It may appear for a while that all is well.&amp;nbsp; The expatriate has an  unexpected windfall.&amp;nbsp; A wise expatriate will save this windfall knowing  that the situation will not be permanent.&amp;nbsp; Either the exchange rate will  adjust back to where it was or prices and inflation will begin to increase until  economic equilibrium is achieved.&amp;nbsp; The reality is, that in the short-term  the employer will be faced with increased overall salary costs, and will  eventually have to deal with disappointed expatriates when the trend inevitably  reverses itself and their purchasing power drops again to realistic  levels.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Too Little&lt;/STRONG&gt;: The expatriate  experiences short-term downside as a result of a change in the exchange  rate.&amp;nbsp; An increase in the value of the host country currency against the  home country currency, without a decrease in the prices of goods and services in  the host country, results in the expatriate having reduced purchasing  power.&amp;nbsp; This is when the employer faces complaints from expatriates unable  to make ends meet.&amp;nbsp; Prices of goods and services have remained the same in  the host country but as a result of the change in the exchange rate, the  expatriate receives less salary in local currency.&amp;nbsp; In the long term either  the exchange rate will adjust back to where it was, or prices and inflation will  begin to decrease until economic equilibrium is achieved.&amp;nbsp; The reality is  that in the short-term the employer will be faced with decreased overall salary  costs and will have to deal quickly with unhappy expatriates.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Clearly the approach on converting a portion of the  salary into host country currency on a monthly basis does not work any  more.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The expatriate compensation questions  that employers must consider:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;-What amount of salary will ensure that the  expatriate will have the same purchasing power overseas as they have at  home?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;-What process / tool will be used to ensure the  salary retains its purchasing power when inflation and exchange rates  change?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;New Approach&lt;/STRONG&gt;: The ideal  approach is for the employer to decide on a process / tool that establishes and  maintains the expatriate's salary purchasing power.&amp;nbsp; The Salary Purchasing  Power Parity (SPPP) approach is one such approach and involves the following  steps:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;-Committed Salary: Decide what amount / portion of  the current salary (in home currency) will remain in the home country to meet  committed expenses such as mortgage commitments, retirement funding, savings  etc.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;-Home Gross Spendable Salary: Establish what amount /  portion of the current salary (in home currency) is spent in maintaining the  expatriates current standard of living / lifestyle.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;What will the expatriate need to spend their  salary on in the host country?&amp;nbsp; For example will accommodation be provided  or will the expatriate pay rent, will &lt;FONT  style="POSITION: static; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,153,0) !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: 400"  color=#009900&gt;&lt;SPAN  style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(0,153,0) 1px solid; POSITION: static; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,153,0) !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: 400"  class=kLink&gt;healthcare&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;SPAN  style="POSITION: relative" id=preLoadWrap0&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;DIV  style="Z-INDEX: 4000; POSITION: absolute; DISPLAY: none; TOP: -32px; LEFT: -18px"  id=preLoadLayer0&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG  style="BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px"  src="http://kona.kontera.com/javascript/lib/imgs/grey_loader.gif"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2 face=Arial&gt;be provided etc.&lt;/FONT&gt;  &lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;-Home Net Spendable Salary: Establish the net  spendable salary by deducting the amount of &lt;FONT  style="POSITION: static; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,153,0) !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: 400"  color=#009900&gt;&lt;SPAN  style="POSITION: static; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,153,0) !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: 400"  class=kLink&gt;tax&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;, social contributions and any other statutory  deductions applicable in the home country to the Home Gross Spendable  Salary.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;-Host Net Spendable Salary: Use the established  amount of Home Net Spendable Salary in home currency, to calculate the amount of  Host Net Spendable Salary required in the host country, in order for the  expatriate to have the same amount of purchasing power as they have in their  home country.&amp;nbsp; The calculation comprises 4 factors:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;1) The difference in the cost of living index for the  same basket of goods and services between the home and host country applicable  for the spendable salary.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;2) The difference in hardship that the expatriate and  their family are likely to experience.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;3) The exchange rate between the home and host  country.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;4) The Net Spendable Salary&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;-Host Gross Salary: The Host Net Spendable Salary is  "grossed up" by the amount of tax, social contributions and any other statutory  deductions applicable in the host country, to establish the host gross salary  that will provide the expatriate with the same standard of living as they had in  their home country.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The Host Gross Salary is established in local host  currency.&amp;nbsp; As a result it is no longer subject to changes in the exchange  rate.&amp;nbsp; Over time the salary may be eroded by local inflation which will be  reflected in the cost of living indexes.&amp;nbsp; It is recommended that the Host  Gross Salary be reviewed on a quarterly basis, to monitor the impact of any  change in cost of living and the exchange rate.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;!--INFOLINKS_OFF--&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV  style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 0pt"&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2 face=Arial&gt;(ArticlesBase ID #737389)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=clearer&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=author-bio&gt; &lt;DIV class=image&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG class=author-img  alt="Steven Coleman"  src="http://images.articlesbase.com/authors/50696_yrtkfm1.jpg"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=text&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Steven Coleman runs the most comprehensive  international cost of living website available Xpatulator.com an internet  service that provides free cost of living and hardship information for 276  global locations to registered users. The premium content calculators allow you  to customise your own cost of living index by choosing your own basket groups  and includes a COLA calculator. Follow Steven on  twitter&lt;BR&gt;steveninseattle.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;A  href="http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/a-new-approach-to-expatriate-compensation-in-2009-737389.html"&gt;http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/a-new-approach-to-expatriate-compensation-in-2009-737389.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-7117335041402282356?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/7117335041402282356/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=7117335041402282356' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/7117335041402282356'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/7117335041402282356'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/new-approach-to-expatriate-compensation.html' title='A New Approach to Expatriate Compensation in 2009'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-1622093294864389464</id><published>2009-09-06T23:13:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-06T23:17:28.933+07:00</updated><title type='text'>What's the Right Level of Long-term Incentives</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt; &lt;H1&gt;What's the Right Level of Long-term Incentives&lt;/H1&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;Q: What's the right level of long-term incentives?&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Answer: The use  of long-term incentives has become more prevalent over the past 15 years, with  the portion of the Total Compensation package that it comprises increasing  dramatically. While there's no standard formula for determining the value of  long-term incentives for executives, there are a number of factors that a  company should consider when determining the appropriate level of payment,  including.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;· External Competitiveness  Identifying levels that  peers/competitors within the industry are paying for similar positions.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;·  Internal Equity  Considering the hierarchical level of the executive within the  company.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;· Performance  The financial performance of the company and the  performance of the individual should be considered. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;· Implications of  the Company  Tax burdens, other liabilities, and regulations must be considered  when determining long-term incentive payments.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;The value of long-term  incentives can vary dramatically between companies and among individuals within  companies. Long-term incentives can make up 35% to 72% of the Total Compensation  package, depending on the company and the position the executive  holds.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;!--INFOLINKS_OFF--&gt; &lt;DIV  style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 0pt"&gt;(ArticlesBase  ID #114060)&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=clearer&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=author-bio&gt; &lt;DIV class=image&gt;Paul R. Dorf is the Managing Director of Compensation  Resources, Inc. He is responsible for directing consulting services in all areas  of executive compensation, short and long-term incentives, sales compensation,  performance management systems, and pay-for-performance salary administration.  He has over 40 years of Human Resource and Compensation experience and has held  various executive positions with a number of large corporate organizations. He  also has over 20 years of direct consulting experience as head of the Executive  Compensation Consulting Practices for major accounting and actuarial/benefit  consulting firms, including KPMG, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (formerly Touche  Ross), and Kwasha Lipton.&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-1622093294864389464?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/1622093294864389464/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=1622093294864389464' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/1622093294864389464'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/1622093294864389464'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/whats-right-level-of-long-term.html' title='What&apos;s the Right Level of Long-term Incentives'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-7563714440856620625</id><published>2009-09-06T23:06:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-06T23:06:57.799+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Yes To Limiting Top Executives Compensation</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV&gt; &lt;H1&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face="Arial Narrow"&gt;Yes To Limiting Top Executives  Compensation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/H1&gt; &lt;DIV&gt; &lt;DIV id=post-body&gt; &lt;DIV class=KonaBody&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;I was particularly encouraged by the top executive  compensation limits set forth in the Stimulus Plan, yet dismayed when they were  eliminated or watered down. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;The Stimulus Plan passed by a 246-183 and a  60-38 margin in the House and Senate respectively. Although Republicans Collins,  Spechter and Snow all were instrumental in hammering out several compromises,  nary a House Republican cast a FOR vote; some predicting ruin if it passed.  &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Are we not IN a ruinous condition? Haven't these same Republicans asked  an unemployed person, uninsured family or elderly citizen eating cat food  recently how they're doing? &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;If it wasn't such a serious situation I  might have been amused to read of worry there'll be a brain drain on Wall  Street, if top level executive comp was limited. Recently insiders' voiced  concerns that excessive taxes being voted upon AIG's &amp;amp; Merrill Lynch's top  officials' retention bonuses were somehow unfair. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Responding to our  government's attempts to reclaim $4.4 million of retention bonuses for Freddie  Mac &amp;amp; Fannie Mae's four top executives, Federal Housing Finance Agency  Director James Lockhart said, "We run a great risk of these same employees  deciding this is the last straw and walking away."&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Many Americans who do  theirs, and also the work of those laid off, could easily cop the "last straw"  excuse, but do not. Yet according to their annual Securities and Exchange  Commission report, Fannie Mae apparently paid their Deputy Chief Financial  Officer a tidy $1.1 million retention bonus AND an additional $160,000 cash  bonus for filing their financial statements on time. Call me old fashioned, but  I remember times when if you didn't do your job on time you were demoted or  fired. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;With all due respect, Mr. Lockhart, just where would these  overpaid executives of failed agencies "walk" to? Last I looked, a fair amount  of unemployment has set up camp, and hedge fund managers-the once easy fall back  position from corporate America-are in line to buy tents. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Apparently  there is a growing belief that there aren't any top level executives out there  with a desire to return to some semblance of integrity, who would gain pride-yes  other types of gains do exist besides the almighty greenback--in being  instrumental in breathing new life into our once proud, now dilapidated,  financial institutions. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Michael S. Melbinger, an executive compensation  lawyer at Winsteon &amp;amp; Strawn in Chicago commented on the Stimulus Plan's  proposed top executive pay limitations, "There is no pay for performance in  this." Have we not already issued FAR too much pay for FAR too little  performance for FAR too many years on Wall Street?&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Are there no motivated  individuals whom may be enticed with the near promise of fame and future book or  movie deals (that would surely provide more wealth than an annual salary OR  bonus) when they put their shoulder to the grindstone and lifted their companies  out of the ashes and into a Phoenix state? Might even a few talented individuals  remain of the Warren Buffet ilk-in 2008 he received the same $100,000 of base  salary he has for 25 years, and $25,000 of director fees-- that would be  motivated by their good name being upheld, or their not-so-good name being  raised up a notch or two, when they performed? &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Yes, President Obama's  admonition for us all to "pitch in" applies even to top executives. It's time  they use their brains for a tiny bit more than their family's luxury ski trips  and ultra (not-green) fleets of bling-bling cars and otherwise opulent life  styles, and roll up their sleeves to restore even a modicum of consumer  confidence in the system. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Not only would this be smart, it may better  ensure that we don't touch off class wars. The middle class is shrinking  rapidly. There's a clearer distinction between the haves and the have nots; and  the have nots are restless. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;So not just is it moral to provide hope for  hard working Americans, it is economically essential to stop the horrifically  steep increases in unemployment. Let's get people back to work. Some of them are  downright hungry; some justifiably angry. For those of us with jobs and food,  we're looking for some measure of controls on those whose appetite for unlimited  personal gain is apparently unrequited. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;As a financial advisor, I'd be  grateful for some signs that our government is strengthening Wall Street, so  that I could encourage people to "invest in the stock of America"  again.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Absent that confidence, the employed Larry Lunch buckets and Nancy  Nurses will park their 401(k) or 403(b) in a fixed income sub-account. Not only  will that not hasten the stock markets' recovery, but it will be damning to  their long-term purchasing power; very possibly translate into them having to  work another 10 years just to make up the lost performance compared to that of  stocks, at least historically speaking. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Apparently the big fear is that  companies whose executives are greedy beyond words (OR works) will seek to repay  TARP monies soonest so they can be out-from-under the new executive compensation  restrictions. Then, the fear continues, particularly banks could restrict the  flow of loans, etc., that were designed to increase liquidity into the  system-you know, Main Street. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Clearly they forgot to insert the  "instructions for use" page into the TARP check envelopes; the ones where the  banks were supposed to be lending to mom and pop America, not sucking up other  foreign or domestic financial institutions to buttress their balance sheets, or  worse yet, pay themselves big year-end bonuses. Remind me, how then would the  non-flow of monies stop if TARP monies were to be repaid?&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Failed  companies' top execs need to admit to themselves and their families they weren't  worth those groups of zeroes, nor will they receive such disproportionate  compensation for horrific performance going forward. They'll perform in a  fiduciary capacity and take what the shareholders feel is commensurate to their  performance for the next 2 years. They'll acknowledge this will indeed involve a  lifestyle adjustment--something they could receive free training on, from droves  of other executives laid off even since September 2008.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;There's no silver  bullet; yet there's a hole in our collective row boat. We can't waste time  fussing about whose end it's in; start bailing. The votes have been cast; a  Stimulus Bill has passed. There's no time for smug, "I'm not responsible cause I  didn't vote for it" excuses. If there's anything I hate it's a quitter, worse  yet a sore loser, or a person who refuses to entertain an idea that didn't  originate in their own corpus collosum. Let all that rationale comprise your  campaign rhetoric next election. In the meantime, roll up your sleeves as  elected politicians and work till the job is done. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;What history will  report on, is who did what to contribute to sound legislation to monitor the use  of these Stimulus Plan funds; best ensuring that the end result is not perfect,  yet the most favorable, towards solving America's biggest problems.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;This  country, its citizens, and their financial health and hopes rest on your  bi-partisan cooperation.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;!--INFOLINKS_OFF--&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV  style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 0pt"&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2 face=Arial&gt;(ArticlesBase ID #866782)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=clearer&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=author-bio&gt; &lt;DIV class=image&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG class=author-img  alt="Debra L. Morrison"  src="http://images.articlesbase.com/authors/111453_Debra_l_morrison_head_shots_003jpg.jpg"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=text&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Debra L. Morrison is a sought after international  motivational speaker who motivates audiences of mature women to master their  finances, through generous helpings of humor and analogy. Debra's special  personal attributes, coupled with her wealth of experience gained from heading  her own firm for 14 years, has given her such credibility that she has been  featured as an expert in investing and financial planning with ABC, Fox, CNN,  and CNNfn, the latter two of which she had co-hosted a live-call in show on  investing for 1.5 years, opposite Stuart Varney and John Metaxsis.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;A  href="http://www.articlesbase.com/investing-articles/yes-to-limiting-top-executives-compensation-866782.html"&gt;http://www.articlesbase.com/investing-articles/yes-to-limiting-top-executives-compensation-866782.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-7563714440856620625?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/7563714440856620625/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=7563714440856620625' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/7563714440856620625'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/7563714440856620625'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/yes-to-limiting-top-executives.html' title='Yes To Limiting Top Executives Compensation'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-2258186165620633336</id><published>2009-09-06T22:38:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-06T22:38:45.470+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Personal Loans: Fixed Vs. Variable Rates</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;H1&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;Personal Loans: Fixed Vs. Variable Rates&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/H1&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;The issue of whether to choose fixed or variable rates on  &lt;STRONG&gt;personal loans&lt;/STRONG&gt; has no simple resolutions. Truth is that it all  depends on your needs and on market variation expectations as there are also  external variables that can affect the loan's affordability. It is important to  know how these variables interact in order to make an informed decision when it  comes to selecting a personal loan with a fixed or variable rate.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt; &lt;DIV id=post-body&gt; &lt;DIV class=KonaBody&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;Fixed rates remain the same over the whole life of the loan but  tend to be higher than variable rates when both compared at any given time.  Variable rates on the other side change according to market variations and  though the rates are initially lower than fixed rate loans if both loans are  taken at the same time, these market variations can increase the rate to higher  rates and turn the loan significantly more onerous.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;Short Term, Long Term&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;Depending on the length of the loan a fixed rate or a variable  rate will be advisable. Short term loans are not as risky as long term loans if  you decide to go for a variable interest rate. However, short term loans are not  so easy to afford even though the variable rate implies less interests. Thus,  you will need to ponder these two variables to see if you can take advantage of  a short term loan with a variable interest rate.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;Long term loans are more risky because market variations tend to  occur sooner or later and though the rates may decrease, they may also increase  significantly. Therefore, on long term loans, a &lt;STRONG&gt;fixed rate  loans&lt;/STRONG&gt; is advisable as it will protect you from market variations and  inflation too.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;Inflation Expectations&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;The inflation expectations are another important issue.  Inflation is an increase of the overall level of prices due to a depreciation of  the value of currency. Since the monetary note is worth less, more money is  needed to purchase goods which implies price raises. Unless salaries increase  too, the purchase power of salary decreases worsening people's ability to  purchase goods, repay debt, and save.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;When it comes to debt, taking fixed rate loans protects you from  inflation because the monthly payments remain the same over the whole life of  the loan. Whereas, on variable rate loans, the interest rate would rise to  compensate for inflation. Thus, if economy experts are predicting high inflation  figures over the next years, you need to consider applying for a fixed rate loan  rather than a variable rate loan even if the interest rate is higher.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;Conclusion&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;For those who are adventurous and like to save as much money as  possible even by taking risks, variable rates are undoubtedly the way to go.  They provide lower monthly payments and an overall lower amount of interests  over the whole life of the loan.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;However, for those who have a more conservative nature and  prefer to avoid risks, fixed interest rate personal loans are a wiser choice.  These loans can provide the funds needed at a slightly higher cost but also  protect customers from market variations and inflation which can be disastrous  for those that count only with a fixed income.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;!--INFOLINKS_OFF--&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV  style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 0pt"&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2&gt;(ArticlesBase ID #654704)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=clearer&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=author-bio&gt; &lt;DIV class=image&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;IMG class=author-img alt="Amanda Hash"  src="http://images.articlesbase.com/author_blue.gif"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=text&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;Amanda Hash is an expert financial consultant who specializes in  helping people to recover their credit and get approved for home loans, car  loans, personal unsecured loans, unsecured credit cards, refinance home loans,  consolidation loans, student loans and other financial products. If you want to  learn more on how to get approved for &lt;B&gt;Loans for People with Bad Credit&lt;/B&gt;  and &lt;B&gt;Bad Credit Cash Loan&lt;/B&gt; just visit  &lt;B&gt;http://www.yourloanservices.com/&lt;/B&gt; and you'll find all the information you  need.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2&gt;http://www.articlesbase.com/loans-articles/personal-loans-fixed-vs-variable-rates-654704.html&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-2258186165620633336?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/2258186165620633336/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=2258186165620633336' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/2258186165620633336'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/2258186165620633336'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/personal-loans-fixed-vs-variable-rates.html' title='Personal Loans: Fixed Vs. Variable Rates'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4048725211631263473.post-1871745659091200442</id><published>2009-09-06T22:31:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2009-09-06T22:31:53.582+07:00</updated><title type='text'>How To Calculate A Cost Of Living Allowance</title><content type='html'>&lt;DIV&gt; &lt;H1&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face="Arial Narrow"&gt;How To Calculate A Cost Of Living  Allowance&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/H1&gt; &lt;DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV&gt; &lt;DIV id=post-body&gt; &lt;DIV class=KonaBody&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;A Cost of Living Allowance (COLA) is a salary  supplement paid to employees to cover differences in the cost of living,  particularly as a result of an international assignment.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The amount of COLA should enable an expatriate to be  able to purchase the same basket of goods and services in the host location as  they could in their home country. The basis for calculating a COLA is the Cost  of Living Index (COLI) which indexes the costs of the same basket of goods and  services in different geographic locations.&amp;nbsp; COLA is a simple accurate  method of measuring fluctuating salary purchasing power and ensuring  parity.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Cost of Living Index&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Our cost of Living Indexes measure the cost of 230  products and services across 13 different basket groups in 276 cities across the  globe.&amp;nbsp; The data is gathered by a team of research analysts who survey  comparable items that are available internationally.&amp;nbsp; A minimum of 3 prices  for the same brand/size/volume of product is used to determine the average price  for each item in each location.&amp;nbsp; The items are priced on a quarterly basis  and tend to rise and fall with inflation.&amp;nbsp; The 13 different basket  categories are as follows:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Alcohol &amp;amp; Tobacco: Alcoholic beverages and  tobacco products&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Alcohol at Bar&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Beer&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Cigarettes &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Locally Produced Spirit &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Whiskey &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Wine&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Clothing: Clothing and footwear  products&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Business Suits&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Casual Clothing &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Children's Clothing and footwear &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Coats and hats&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Evening Wear&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Shoe Repairs &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Underwear&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Communication&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Home Telephone Rental and Call Charges&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Internet Connection and service provider    fees&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Mobile / Cellular Phone Contract and Calls    &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Education&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Crèche / Pre-School Fees&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;High School / College Fees&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Primary School Fees&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Tertiary Study Fees&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Furniture &amp;amp; Appliances: Furniture, household  equipment and household appliances&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;DVD Player&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Fridge Freezer&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Iron&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Kettle, Toaster, Microwave &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Light Bulbs &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Television &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Vacuum Cleaner &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Washing Machine&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Groceries: Food, non-alcoholic beverages and cleaning  material&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Baby Consumables &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Baked Goods&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Baking&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Canned Foods&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Cheese&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Cleaning Products&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Dairy&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Fresh Fruits&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Fresh Vegetables&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Fruit Juices &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Frozen&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Meat&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Oil &amp;amp; Vinegars&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pet Food&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pre-Prepared Meals&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Sauces&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Seafood&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Snacks&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Soft Drinks&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Spices &amp;amp; Herbs&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Healthcare: General Healthcare, Medical and Medical  Insurance&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;General Practitioner Consultation  rates&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Hospital Private Ward Daily Rate&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Non-Prescription Medicine&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Private Medical Insurance / Medical Aid    Contributions &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Household: Housing, water, electricity, household  gas, household fuels, local rates and residential taxes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;House / Flat Mortgage&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;House / Flat Rental&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Household Electricity Consumption&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Household Gas / Fuel Consumption&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Household Water Consumption&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Local Property Rates / Taxes /  Levies&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Miscellaneous: Stationary, Linen and general goods  and services&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Domestic Help&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Dry Cleaning&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Linen&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Office Supplies&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Newspapers and Magazines&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Postage Stamps&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Personal Care: Personal Care products and  services&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Cosmetics &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Haircare&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Moisturiser / Sun Block&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Nappies&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Pain Relief Tablets&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Toilet Paper&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Toothpaste&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Soap / Shampoo / Conditioner&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Recreation and Culture&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Books&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Camera Film &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Cinema Ticket&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;DVD and CD's&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Sports goods&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Theatre Ticket&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Restaurants, Meals Out and Hotels&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Business Dinner&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Dinner at Restaurant (non fast food)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Hotel Rates&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Take Away Drinks &amp;amp; Snacks (fast    Food)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Transport: Public Transport, Vehicle Costs, Vehicle  Fuel, Vehicle Insurance and Vehicle Maintenance&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Hire Purchase / Lease of Vehicle&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Petrol / Diesel&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Public Transport&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Service Maintenance&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Tyres&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Vehicle Insurance&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Vehicle Purchase&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Each basket category does not count equally and are  weighted in the final calculation based on expatriate spending  patterns.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;In order to calculate an accurate cost of living  index for a specific individual the basket items that are not relevant to the  individual should be excluded from the calculation. &amp;nbsp;For example if  education and housing is provided by the employer these basket categories would  be excluded from the cost of living index calculation.&amp;nbsp; This increases the  accuracy of the cost of living index and makes it possible for each individual  to have their own customized cost of living index based on their specific  arrangements rather than using an overall "generic" index which is likely to  contains costs that are not relevant to the individual.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The formula for calculating the specific cost of  living index for an international assignment is as follows:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Cost of Living Index = Customized Cost of Living  Index for Host City / Customized Cost of Living Index for Home City&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;When moving to a higher cost of living host city, the  index will be greater than 1 (positive).&amp;nbsp; When moving to a lower cost of  living host city the index will be less than 1 (negative).&amp;nbsp; Where the index  is negative it means that in real terms the cost of living in the host city is  lower than the home city.&amp;nbsp; This means that if the negative index where to  be applied to the employee's salary, they would actually be paid proportionately  less spendable salary in the host city.&amp;nbsp; It is important to note that the  majority of organizations do not apply a negative cost of living index because  it makes it difficult to persuade an employee to take up an assignment as they  tend to see it as a reduction in salary.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Examples of Cost of Living Index Calculations  using our data:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Example 1) An Australian employee moving from  Perth to London where healthcare and communication will be provided by the  employer&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;More Expensive in London:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Alcohol &amp;amp; Tobacco +4.77%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Clothing +21.85%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Education +31.53%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Furniture &amp;amp; Appliances +16.03%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Groceries +16.35% &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Household +50.72% &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Miscellaneous +137.47%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Personal Care +11.18% &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Recreation &amp;amp; Culture -6.82% &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Restaurants Meals Out and Hotels +34.99%    &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Transport +19.80%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The overall difference in cost of living moving from  Perth and London is +28.06%.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;In this case the cost of living index is positive and  would be applied as it is.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Example 2) A British employee moving from London  to Mumbai where the employer will provide housing and education&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;More Expensive in Mumbai:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;UL&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Alcohol &amp;amp; Tobacco -37.53%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Clothing -9.58%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Communication -44.92%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Furniture &amp;amp; Appliances -19.31%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Groceries -24.03%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Healthcare -31.24%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Miscellaneous -72.43%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Personal Care -24.94%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Recreation &amp;amp; Culture -35.73%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Restaurants Meals Out and Hotels    -33.11%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;   &lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Transport is -27.99%&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The overall difference in cost of living moving from  London Mumbai is -30.53%.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;In this case the cost of living index is negative and  would not be applied.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Net Spendable Salary&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Differences in cost of living only impact the portion  of the salary that is spendable in the host country.&amp;nbsp; Items in the home  country such as retirement funding, medical insurance and other home based costs  are not impacted by the cost of living in the host country.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;To determine the Net Spendable Salary establish what  amount / portion of the current salary (in home currency) is spent in  maintaining the employee's current standard of living / lifestyle.&amp;nbsp; What  will the expatriate need to spend their salary on in the host country?&amp;nbsp; For  example will accommodation be provided or will the employee pay rent, will  healthcare be provided etc.&amp;nbsp; Deduct all items that are either provided in  kind or are spendable in the home country.&amp;nbsp; Deduct the hypothetical amount  of tax, social contributions and any other statutory deductions applicable in  the home country from the Spendable Salary.&amp;nbsp; What is left is the Net  Spendable Salary.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Cost of Living Allowance  (COLA)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The formula for calculating the cost of living  allowance using the above inputs is as follows:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Net Spendable Salary X Cost of Living  Index X Hardship Index X Exchange Rate) less (Net Spendable Salary X Exchange  Rate) = COLA&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Examples of COLA Calculations using our  data&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Example 1) An Australian employee with a net  spendable salary of AUD$100,000 moving from Perth to London where healthcare and  communication will be provided by the employer&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;($100,000.00 X 1.2806 X 1 X 0.4768) less  ($100,000.00 X 0.4768) = COLA of £13,379.44 (GBP)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Based on all the above factors a person would  require a Cost of Living Allowance of £13,379.44 (GBP), in addition to their  current salary of 100,000.00 Australian Dollar (AUD) to compensate for  relocating from Perth to London. This Cost of Living Allowance compensates for  the overall cost of living difference of +28.06% and the relative difference in  hardship of 0%.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Example 2) A British employee with a net  spendable salary of £18,000 moving from London to Mumbai where the employer will  provide housing and education&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Note: Because the Cost of Living Index is  negative it is not applied.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;(£18,000.00 X 1 X 1.3 X 67.2852) less (£18,000.00  X67.2852) = COLA of 363,340.32 Indian Rupee&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Based on all the above factors a person would  require a Cost of Living Allowance of 363,340.32 (INR ), in addition to their  current salary of £18,000.00 British Pound (GBP ) to compensate for relocating  from London to Mumbai. This Cost of Living Allowance compensates for the overall  cost of living difference of [-30.53%] and the relative difference in hardship  of 30%.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;COLA Payment&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The COLA is paid as a salary supplement (i.e. as an  additional allowance) net of tax in the host country.&amp;nbsp; If the COLA is a  taxable allowance in the host country it should be grossed up in order that the  full amount of calculated COLA is paid net of tax given that the basis of the  calculation is Net Spendable Salary.&amp;nbsp; The COLA is often accompanied by  other allowances and benefits such as flights home, relocation / settling in  allowance, and furnishing allowance.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Exchange Rate  Fluctuations&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Significant changes in the exchange rate can make a  considerable difference in the COLA calculation.&amp;nbsp; In 2008 some of the major  global exchange rates changed by as much as 30-40%.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;The cost of living index reflects the changes caused  by inflation and exchange rates.&amp;nbsp; In the short-term there may be  disequilibrium between inflation and the exchange rate (the one pushes the  other), however over time the cost of living index provides the most accurate  view of the cost of living.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;It is important to remind expatriates that when the  cost of living difference is negative, and the negative value has not been  applied, they have higher purchasing power in the host country than they would  at home.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Where a negative cost of living index has &lt;U&gt;not&lt;/U&gt;  been applied (our recommended approach), and a change in the exchange rate  indicates an upward adjustment in COLA may be required, it is recommended that  the COLA should not be adjusted upward until the cost of living index becomes  positive i.e. the cost of living reflects that there is a "real" increase in  cost of living between home and host countries.&amp;nbsp; This may mean that their  would be no increase in the COLA as a result of exchange rate fluctuations for  some considerable time.&amp;nbsp; During this time the employee's purchasing power  decreases.&amp;nbsp; But it is important to remember that until the cost of living  difference becomes positive, the individual will still have a higher purchasing  power than they do in their home country.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;It is advisable to stipulate a currency protection  rule, rather than reacting to every fluctuation in the exchange rate.&amp;nbsp; For  example the rule may state that COLA will be reviewed if exchange rates &lt;U&gt;or  local inflation&lt;/U&gt; move by more than +10% during a year.&amp;nbsp; It is important  to keep in mind that the prices of goods and services are unlikely to drop in  local currency.&amp;nbsp; This would only occur in a period of deflation (negative  inflation). &amp;nbsp;Therefore the currency protection rule would normally make  provision for upward adjustments in COLA and not downward adjustments during an  employee's assignment.&amp;nbsp; Downward adjustments to an existing COLA due to  exchange rate fluctuations without a corresponding drop in the prices of local  goods and services puts immense pressure on an employee's host currency budget  commitments and can lead to the employee experiencing financial  difficulty.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Using an independent service provider provides an  independent, objective basis for determining an employee's COLA.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;We recommend therefore that a COLA is calculated by  applying the specific (customized) cost of living index to the net spendable  salary at the beginning of the assignment and monitoring exchange rate  fluctuations thereafter in addition to the annual salary  review.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;!--INFOLINKS_OFF--&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV  style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 0pt"&gt;&lt;FONT  size=2 face=Arial&gt;(ArticlesBase ID #784831)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=clearer&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=author-bio&gt; &lt;DIV class=image&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG class=author-img  alt="Steven Coleman"  src="http://images.articlesbase.com/authors/50696_yrtkfm1.jpg"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt; &lt;DIV class=text&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;EM&gt;Steven Coleman runs the most comprehensive  international cost of living website available&amp;nbsp;http://www.xpatulator.com an  internet service that provides free cost of living and hardship information for  276 global locations to registered users. The premium content calculators allow  you to customise your own cost of living index by choosing your own basket  groups and includes a COLA calculator. Follow Steven on twitter  &lt;/EM&gt;&lt;EM&gt;http://twitter.com/steveninseattle&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;EM&gt;/"&amp;gt;steveninseattle.&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt; &lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2  face=Arial&gt;http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/how-to-calculate-a-cost-of-living-allowance-784831.html&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4048725211631263473-1871745659091200442?l=hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/feeds/1871745659091200442/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4048725211631263473&amp;postID=1871745659091200442' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/1871745659091200442'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4048725211631263473/posts/default/1871745659091200442'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://hrcompensationbenefit.blogspot.com/2009/09/how-to-calculate-cost-of-living.html' title='How To Calculate A Cost Of Living Allowance'/><author><name>Widhi Setyo Kusumo</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
